The Microenvironment of Head and Neck Cancers: Papillomavirus Involvement and Potential Impact of Immunomodulatory Treatments.

ABSTRACT: Cancer progression can be understood as the result of deregulation of tumors' immune microenvironments. Recent studies of the alterations of microenvironments highlight their significant influence on the prognosis of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). It is necessary to better characterize tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes by focusing, in particular, on the tumor escape mechanisms from immune surveillance. One of the best described tumor immune system evasion mechanisms is the expression of co-stimulation molecules that constitute so-called "immune checkpoints". These molecules regulate the immune response by either activating or inhibiting its effects. The programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) surface protein is an inhibitory co-stimulation molecule that induces exhaustion

SUBMITTER: Outh-Gauer S 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7235119 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature