Cadmium and volumetric mammographic density: A cross-sectional study in Polish women.

ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION:Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal, which is widespread in the environment and has been hypothesized to be a metalloestrogen and a breast cancer risk factor. Mammographic density (MD) reflects the composition of the breast and was proposed to be used as a surrogate marker for breast cancer. The aim of our study was to investigate association between cadmium concentration in urine and mammographic density. METHODS:A cross-sectional study included 517 women aged 40-60 years who underwent screening mammography in Łódź, Poland. Data were collected through personal interviews and anthropometric measurements. Spot morning urine samples were obtained. The examination of the breasts included both craniocaudal and mediolateral oblique views. Raw data ("for processing") generated by the digi

SUBMITTER: Peplonska B 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7239444 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature