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On the Stability of Glutaraldehyde in Biocide Compositions.

ABSTRACT: Glutaraldehyde (GA) is used as biocide in hospitals. Recent public investigations on the chemical composition of biocides used in Romania have in some cases found GA, as a key ingredient, to be apparently diluted. However, these data did not explicitly consider the complex chemical equilibria inherent to GA. An investigation of experimental and theoretical data is reported here, assessing the stability of GA solutions relevant for biocide compositions. GA solutions of various chemical composition and under varying circumstances were analyzed using spectroscopy (UV-VIS, Raman, NMR) coupled with density functional theory (DFT) calculations, as well as chemically, such as via the formation of imines in reaction/titration with glycine monitored at 270 nm; using LC-MS; or using SDS-PAGE analysis with GA as reagent in the polymerization of two test proteins- hemoglobin and myoglobin. The spectral properties of GA changed significantly over time, in a temperature-dependent manner; titration with glycine confirmed the spectral data. SDS-PAGE experiments demonstrated a non-linear and apparently unpredictable change in the reactivity of GA over time. The results may be relevant for the determination of GA concentration in various settings such as biocide analysis, hospital wastewaters, and others.

SUBMITTER: Matei A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7246990 | biostudies-literature | 2020 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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On the Stability of Glutaraldehyde in Biocide Compositions.

Matei Alina A Puscas Cristina C Patrascu Iulia I Lehene Maria M Ziebro Julia J Scurtu Florina F Baia Monica M Porumb Dan D Totos Robert R Silaghi-Dumitrescu Radu R

International journal of molecular sciences 20200510 9

Glutaraldehyde (GA) is used as biocide in hospitals. Recent public investigations on the chemical composition of biocides used in Romania have in some cases found GA, as a key ingredient, to be apparently diluted. However, these data did not explicitly consider the complex chemical equilibria inherent to GA. An investigation of experimental and theoretical data is reported here, assessing the stability of GA solutions relevant for biocide compositions. GA solutions of various chemical compositio ...[more]

PMID: 32397667

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Project description:Coiled tubing corrosion was investigated for 16 field water samples (S5 to S20) from a Canadian shale gas field. Weight loss corrosion rates of carbon steel beads incubated with these field water samples averaged 0.2 mm/yr, but injection water sample S19 had 1.25±0.07 mm/yr. S19 had a most probable number of zero acid-producing bacteria and incubation of S19 with carbon steel beads or coupons did not lead to big changes in microbial community composition. In contrast other field water samples had most probable numbers of APB of 102/mL to 107/mL and incubation of these field water samples with carbon steel beads or coupons often gave large changes in microbial community composition. HPLC analysis indicated that all field water samples had elevated concentrations of bromide (average 1.6 mM), which may be derived from bronopol, which was used as a biocide. S19 had the highest bromide concentration (4.2 mM) and was the only water sample with a high concentration of active bronopol (13.8 mM, 2760 ppm). Corrosion rates increased linearly with bronopol concentration, as determined by weight loss of carbon steel beads, for experiments with S19, with filtered S19 and with bronopol dissolved in defined medium. This indicated that the high corrosion rate found for S19 was due to its high bronopol concentration. The corrosion rate of coiled tubing coupons also increased linearly with bronopol concentration as determined by electrochemical methods. Profilometry measurements also showed formation of multiple pits on the surface of coiled tubing coupon with an average pit depth of 60 μm after 1 week of incubation with 1 mM bronopol. At the recommended dosage of 100 ppm the corrosiveness of bronopol towards carbon steel beads was modest (0.011 mm/yr). Higher concentrations, resulting if biocide is added repeatedly as commonly done in shale gas operations, are more corrosive and should be avoided. Overdosing may be avoided by assaying the presence of residual biocide by HPLC, rather than by assaying the presence of residual surviving bacteria.

Project description:BackgroundPolysensitized patients require allergen immunotherapy (AIT) targeting multiple allergens. However, combining allergen extracts can lead to instability and reduced efficacy particularly due to the high proteolytic activity of house dust mite (HDM) allergens. While is known that glutaraldehyde cross-linking may reduce enzymatic activity, its ability to stabilize multi-allergen formulations and protect key allergens from degradation remains unexplored.ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of glutaraldehyde polymerization on the stability and immunogenicity of HDM and grass pollen allergen formulations, addressing proteolytic activity challenges in multi-allergen vaccines.MethodsStability was assessed over 24 months through protein quantification and antigenic activity assays. Proteolytic activity of HDM-containing extracts was measured using Azocoll, and peptide substrate-based enzymatic assays. Grass pollen allergen degradation was evaluated by SDS-PAGE, immunoblotting, and ELISA Immunogenicity was assessed in mice immunized with grass allergoids alone or in combination with glutaraldehyde-polymerised HDM, measuring IgG responses, splenocyte proliferation, and IL-10 production.ResultsGlutaraldehyde polymerization significantly reduced HDM proteolytic activity (p < 0.0001), achieving reductions of 97.7%, 77.9%, and 89.9% in total protease activity, cysteine protease activity, and serine protease activity, respectively. This inhibition protected grass pollen allergens when mixed with HDM from degradation, ensuring consistent protein content and antigenic activity over 24 months. Mice immunized with grass allergoids alone or combined with polymerised mite extracts showed similar IgG responses and T-cell activation, indicating no compromise in the immune response to grass allergens, with IL-10 secretion confirming preserved regulatory responses.ConclusionsPolymerised allergen extracts address the challenges of proteolytic degradation in multi-allergen formulations, offering stable, immunogenic vaccines that maintain efficacy and provide a reliable treatment option for polyallergic patients.

Dataset Information

On the Stability of Glutaraldehyde in Biocide Compositions.

Publications

On the Stability of Glutaraldehyde in Biocide Compositions.

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