Active tuberculosis, sequelae and COVID-19 co-infection: first cohort of 49 cases.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Tadolini M
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7251245 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jul
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Active tuberculosis, sequelae and COVID-19 co-infection: first cohort of 49 cases.
Tadolini Marina M Codecasa Luigi Ruffo LR García-García José-María JM Blanc François-Xavier FX Borisov Sergey S Alffenaar Jan-Willem JW Andréjak Claire C Bachez Pierre P Bart Pierre-Alexandre PA Belilovski Evgeny E Cardoso-Landivar José J Centis Rosella R D'Ambrosio Lia L Luiza De Souza-Galvão María- M Dominguez-Castellano Angel A Dourmane Samir S Fréchet Jachym Mathilde M Froissart Antoine A Giacomet Vania V Goletti Delia D Grard Soazic S Gualano Gina G Izadifar Armine A Le Du Damien D Marín Royo Margarita M Mazza-Stalder Jesica J Motta Ilaria I Ong Catherine Wei Min CWM Palmieri Fabrizio F Rivière Frédéric F Rodrigo Teresa T Silva Denise Rossato DR Sánchez-Montalvá Adrián A Saporiti Matteo M Scarpellini Paolo P Schlemmer Frédéric F Spanevello Antonio A Sumarokova Elena E Tabernero Eva E Tambyah Paul Anantharajah PA Tiberi Simon S Tiberi Simon S Torre Alessandro A Visca Dina D Zabaleta Murguiondo Miguel M Sotgiu Giovanni G Migliori Giovanni Battista GB
The European respiratory journal 20200709 1
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| S-EPMC7263070 | biostudies-literature
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| S-EPMC7315815 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionCOVID-19 infection is associated with post-acute adverse outcomes affecting multiple organ systems. Although preliminary studies have suggested that COVID-19 re-infection may have a cumulative effect on long-term outcome, differential effects of COVID-19 re-infection severe enough to be hospitalised on post-acute sequelae compared with hospitalised first-time infection have not been explored.MethodsRetrospective cohort study using territory-wide electronic medical records databases in Hong Kong. Adults hospitalised with COVID-19 between 1 January and 30 November 2022, who survived the first 28 days after infection and was discharged, were categorised into re-infection and first-time infection groups. Individuals with reinfection were compared with those with first-time infection for all-cause mortality, all-cause hospital readmission, attendance to the emergency department and complications during the post-acute period using propensity-score-weighted Cox regression. Subgroup analyses were conducted by age (<65 and ≥65 years), sex, Charlson Comorbidity Index (0-4, ≥5), COVID-19 vaccination (0-1, 2+doses) and hospitalisation status of previous infection.Results2244 patients with hospitalised COVID-19 re-infection and 58 894 patients with hospitalised first-time COVID-19 infection were included. After a median follow-up of 170 days, re-infection was associated with a significantly higher risk of post-acute all-cause mortality compared with first-time infection (adjusted HR (95% CI): 1.366 (1.166 to 1.600); incidence rate (95% CI): 7.3 (7.1 to 7.5) vs 4.6 (4.4 to 4.7) per 10 000 person-days), all-cause hospital readmission (1.297 (1.200 to 1.403); 50.5 (49.8 to 51.1) vs 28.1 (27.8 to 28.5)), and attendance to emergency departments (1.307 (1.199 to 1.425); 35.4 (34.8 to 35.9) vs 21.9 (21.6 to 22.2)). Findings were consistent across subgroups of age, sex, health status and vaccination status. A greater magnitude of increased risk was observed especially among those hospitalised during a previous infection.ConclusionAmong patients with COVID-19 infection requiring hospitalisation, COVID-19 re-infection was associated with increased post-acute mortality and morbidity compared with first-time infection. Further studies are warranted to delineate the effects on complications.
| S-EPMC11816715 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-BSST563 | biostudies-other
Project description:BackgroundThe role of genetic polymorphisms in latent tuberculosis (TB) infection and progression to active TB is not fully understood.MethodsWe tested the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs5743708 (TLR2), rs4986791 (TLR4), rs361525 (TNFA), rs2430561 (IFNG) rs1143627 (IL1B) as risk factors for tuberculin skin test (TST) conversion or development of active TB in contacts of active TB cases. Contacts of microbiologically confirmed pulmonary TB cases were initially screened for longitudinal evaluation up to 24 months, with clinical examination and serial TST, between 1998 and 2004 at a referral center in Brazil. Data and biospecimens were collected from 526 individuals who were contacts of 177 active TB index cases. TST conversion was defined as induration ≥5 mm after a negative TST result (0 mm) at baseline or month 4 visit. Independent associations were tested using logistic regression models.ResultsAmong the 526 contacts, 60 had TST conversion and 44 developed active TB during follow-up. Multivariable regression analysis demonstrated that male sex (odds ratio [OR]: 2.3, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1-4.6), as well as SNPs in TLR4 genes (OR: 62.8, 95% CI: 7.5-525.3) and TNFA (OR: 4.2, 95% CI: 1.9-9.5) were independently associated with TST conversion. Moreover, a positive TST at baseline (OR: 4.7, 95% CI: 2.3-9.7) and SNPs in TLR4 (OR: 6.5, 95% CI: 1.1-36.7) and TNFA (OR: 12.4, 95% CI:5.1-30.1) were independently associated with incident TB.ConclusionsSNPs in TLR4 and TNFA predicted both TST conversion and active TB among contacts of TB cases in Brazil.
| S-EPMC6735688 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis (EPTB) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection are interrelated as a result of immune depression. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates and the burden of HIV co-infection among EPTB suspected patients.An institution based cross-sectional study was conducted among EPTB suspected patients at the University of Gondar Hospital. Socio-demographic characteristics and other clinical data were collected using a pretested questionnaire. GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay was performed to diagnosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and Rifampicin resistance. All samples were also investigated by cytology and culture. The HIV statuses of all patients were screened initially by KHB, and all positive cases were further re-tested by STAT-pack. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20 computer software and a P-value of < 0.05 was taken as statistically significant.A total of 141 extrapulmonary suspected patients were enrolled in this study. The overall prevalence of culture confirmed extrapulmonary tuberculosis infection was 29.8%, but the GeneXpert result showed a 26.2% prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex infection. The 78.4% prevalence of extrapulmonary tuberculosis infection was found to be higher among the adult population. The prevalence of HIV infection among EPTB suspected patients was 14.1%, while it was 32.4% among GeneXpert-confirmed extrapulmonary TB cases (12/37). Tuberculosis lymphadenitis was the predominant (78.4%) type of EPTB infection followed by tuberculosis cold abscess (10.7%). Adult hood, previous history of contact with known pulmonary tuberculosis patients, and HIV co-infection showed a statistically significant association with extrapulmonary tuberculosis infection (P<0.013).The prevalence of culture confirmed-EPTB infection was high, and a higher EPTB-HIV co-infection was also observed.
| S-EPMC4780813 | biostudies-other
Project description:BackgroundPerinatally chikungunya infected neonates have been reported to have high rates of post-infection neurologic sequelae, mainly cognitive problems. In older children and adults chikungunya does not appear to have sequelae, but data on postnatally infected infants are lacking.MethodsWe performed a prospective, non-controlled, observational study of infants infected before the age of 6 months with a severe chikungunya infection during the 2014-2015 epidemic in Curaçao, Dutch Antilles. Two years post-infection cognitive and motor - (BSID-III) and social emotional assessments (ITSEA) were performed.ResultsOf twenty-two infected infants, two died and two were lost to follow up. Eighteen children were seen at follow-up and included in the current study. Of these, 13 (72%) had abnormal scores on the BSID-III (cognitive/motor) or ITSEA.ConclusionIn the first study aimed at postnatally infected infants, using an uncontrolled design, we observed a very high percentage of developmental problems. Further studies are needed to assess causality, however until these data are available preventive measure during outbreaks should also include young infants. Those that have been infected in early infancy should receive follow up.
| S-EPMC7885242 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In recent years, chronic immune activation and systemic inflammation have emerged as hallmarks of HIV disease progression and mortality. Several studies indicate that soluble inflammatory biomarkers (sCD14, IL-6, IL-8, CRP and hyaluronic acid), as well as surface markers of T-cell activation (CD38, HLA-DR) independently predict progression to AIDS and mortality in HIV-infected individuals. While co-infections have been shown to contribute to immune activation, the impact of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), which is widely endemic in the areas most affected by the global AIDS epidemic, has not been evaluated. We hypothesized that both active and latent states of Mycobacterium tuberculosis co-infection contribute to elevated immune activation as measurable by these markers. In HIV-infected individuals with active, but not latent TB, we found elevated levels of soluble markers associated with monocyte activation. Interestingly, T-cell activation was elevated individuals with both latent and active TB. These results suggest that in the highly TB- and HIV-endemic settings of southern Africa, latent TB-associated T-cell activation may contribute to HIV disease progression and exacerbate the HIV epidemic. In addition, our findings indicate that aggressive campaigns to treat LTBI in HIV-infected individuals in high-burden countries will not only impact TB rates, but may also slow HIV progression.
| S-EPMC4476549 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Abstract Background It is uncertain whether diabetes affects the risk of developing latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) following exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). We assessed the relationship of diabetes or prediabetes and LTBI among close and household contacts (HHCs) of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) disease in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we performed interferon-γ release assays, TB symptom screening, and point-of-care glycolated hemoglobin (HbA1c) testing among HHCs of active TB cases. Diabetes status was classified into diabetes (HbA1c ≥6.5% or self-reported diagnosis), prediabetes (5.7%–6.4%), and euglycemia (≤5.6%). Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the association of diabetes with LTBI. Results Among 597 study participants, 123 (21%) had dysglycemia including diabetes (n = 31) or prediabetes (n = 92); 423 (71%) participants were diagnosed with LTBI. Twelve of 31 (39%) HHCs with diabetes were previously undiagnosed with diabetes. The prevalence of LTBI among HHCs with diabetes, prediabetes, and euglycemia was 87% (27/31), 73% (67/92), and 69% (329/474), respectively. In multivariable analysis adjusted for age, sex, and HIV status, the odds of LTBI among HHCs with diabetes were 2.33 (95% confidence interval [CI], .76–7.08) times the odds of LTBI without diabetes. When assessing interaction with age, the association of diabetes and LTBI was robust among participants aged ≥40 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 3.68 [95% CI, .77–17.6]) but not those <40 years (aOR, 1.15 [95% CI, .22–6.1]). Conclusions HHCs with diabetes may be more likely to have LTBI than those with euglycemia. Further investigations are needed to assess mechanisms by which diabetes may increase risk of LTBI after Mtb exposure. Diabetes was associated with an increased prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among the close contacts of patients with active tuberculosis in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The association of diabetes and LTBI was most pronounced in those ≥40 years of age.
| S-EPMC9595051 | biostudies-literature
Project description:We report the accuracy of various existing blood transcriptional signatures in distinguishing TB and LTBI individuals in a South Indian cohort
2018-01-24 | GSE101705 | GEO