Dataset Information

Antifungal Mechanism of Dipicolinic Acid and Its Efficacy for the Biocontrol of Pear Valsa Canker.

ABSTRACT: Valsa pyri is a fatal canker pathogen that causes significant reduction of crop yield in pear orchards. V. pyri invades the trunk phloem, and is difficult to control by chemical treatment. In this work, it was found for the first time that Bacillus subtilis-produced dipicolinic acid (DPA) exhibits antifungal activity against different canker pathogens, including Alteraria alternata, Botryosphaeria dothidea, Rhizoctonia solani, and V. pyri. Growth inhibition of V. pyri was observed at less than 5 mM concentration (pH = 5.6). DPA showed the highest antifungal activity at acidic pH values and in the presence of bivalent metals, such as zinc(II), cobalt(II), and copper(II). Measurement of mRNA expression levels and scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations revealed that DPA causes V. pyri apoptosis via inhibition of chitin biosynthesis and subsequent cell lysis. Interestingly, DPA showed high stability in the pear bark and was able to cross the pear tree bark into the phloem, protecting the internal phases of the pear trunk. In preventive applications, DPA reduced the canker symptoms of V. pyri on Cuigan pear trees by 90%. Taken together, an efficient strategy for the management of V. pyri-caused canker disease was developed using a novel antifungal agent, DPA, with strong antifungal activity and particular diffusion properties.

SUBMITTER: Song XG

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7251846 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Antifungal Mechanism of Dipicolinic Acid and Its Efficacy for the Biocontrol of Pear Valsa Canker.

Song Xue-Ge XG Han Ming-Hui MH He Feng F Wang Su-Yan SY Li Chao-Hui CH Wu Gui-Chun GC Huang Zi-Gang ZG Liu Dong D Liu Feng-Quan FQ Laborda Pedro P Shi Xin-Chi XC

Frontiers in microbiology 20200520

Valsa pyri is a fatal canker pathogen that causes significant reduction of crop yield in pear orchards. V. pyri invades the trunk phloem, and is difficult to control by chemical treatment. In this work, it was found for the first time that Bacillus subtilis-produced dipicolinic acid (DPA) exhibits antifungal activity against different canker pathogens, including Alteraria alternata, Botryosphaeria dothidea, Rhizoctonia solani, and V. pyri. Growth ...[more]

PMID: 32508781

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Apple canker is a devastating branch disease caused by Valsa mali (Vm). The endophytic actinomycete Saccharothrix yanglingensis Hhs.015 (Sy Hhs.015) can effectively inhibit the growth of Vm. To reveal the mechanism, by which Vm respond to Sy Hhs.015, the transcriptome of Vm was analyzed using RNA-seq technology. RESULTS:Compared with normal growing Vm in the control group, 1476 genes were significantly differentially expressed in the Sy Hhs.015's treatment group, of which 851 genes were up-regulated and 625 genes were down-regulated. Combined gene function and pathway analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) revealed that Sy Hhs.015 affected the carbohydrate metabolic pathway, which is utilized by Vm for energy production. Approximately 82% of the glycoside hydrolase genes were down-regulated, including three pectinase genes (PGs), which are key pathogenic factors. The cell wall structure of Vm was disrupted by Sy Hhs.015 and cell wall-related genes were found to be down-regulated. Of the peroxisome associated genes, those encoding catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) which scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as those encoding AMACR and ACAA1 which are related to the β-oxidation of fatty acids, were down-regulated. MS and ICL, key genes in glyoxylate cycle, were also down-regulated. In response to the stress of Sy Hhs.015 exposure, Vm increased amino acid metabolism to synthesize the required nitrogenous compounds, while alpha-keto acids, which involved in the TCA cycle, could be used to produce energy by deamination or transamination. Retinol dehydrogenase, associated with cell wall dextran synthesis, and sterol 24-C-methyltransferase, related to cell membrane ergosterol synthesis, were up-regulated. The genes encoding glutathione S-transferase, (GST), which has antioxidant activity and ABC transporters which have an efflux function, were also up-regulated. CONCLUSION:These results show that the response of Vm to Sy Hhs.015 exposure is a complicated and highly regulated process, and provide a theoretical basis for both clarifying the biocontrol mechanism of Sy Hhs.015 and the response of Vm to stress.

Dataset Information

Antifungal Mechanism of Dipicolinic Acid and Its Efficacy for the Biocontrol of Pear Valsa Canker.

Publications

Antifungal Mechanism of Dipicolinic Acid and Its Efficacy for the Biocontrol of Pear Valsa Canker.

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