Dataset Information

Effects of Nutritional Supplements and Dietary Interventions on Cardiovascular Outcomes: An Umbrella Review and Evidence Map.

ABSTRACT:

Background

The role of nutritional supplements and dietary interventions in preventing mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes is unclear.

Purpose

To examine evidence about the effects of nutritional supplements and dietary interventions on mortality and cardiovascular outcomes in adults.

Data sources

PubMed, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library from inception until March 2019; ClinicalTrials.gov (10 March 2019); journal Web sites; and reference lists.

Study selection

English-language, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses of RCTs that assessed the effects of nutritional supplements or dietary interventions on all-cause mortality or cardiovascular outcomes, such as death, myocardial infarction, stroke, and coronary heart disease.

Data extraction

Two independent investigators abstracted data, assessed the quality of evidence, and rated the certainty of evidence.

Data synthesis

Nine systematic reviews and 4 new RCTs were selected that encompassed a total of 277 trials, 24 interventions, and 992 129 participants. A total of 105 meta-analyses were generated. There was moderate-certainty evidence that reduced salt intake decreased the risk for all-cause mortality in normotensive participants (risk ratio [RR], 0.90 [95% CI, 0.85 to 0.95]) and cardiovascular mortality in hypertensive participants (RR, 0.67 [CI, 0.46 to 0.99]). Low-certainty evidence showed that omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) was associated with reduced risk for myocardial infarction (RR, 0.92 [CI, 0.85 to 0.99]) and coronary heart disease (RR, 0.93 [CI, 0.89 to 0.98]). Folic acid was associated with lower risk for stroke (RR, 0.80 [CI, 0.67 to 0.96]; low certainty), whereas calcium plus vitamin D increased the risk for stroke (RR, 1.17 [CI, 1.05 to 1.30]; moderate certainty). Other nutritional supplements, such as vitamin B6, vitamin A, multivitamins, antioxidants, and iron and dietary interventions, such as reduced fat intake, had no significant effect on mortality or cardiovascular disease outcomes (very low- to moderate-certainty evidence).

Limitations

Suboptimal quality and certainty of evidence.

Conclusion

Reduced salt intake, omega-3 LC-PUFA use, and folate supplementation could reduce risk for some cardiovascular outcomes in adults. Combined calcium plus vitamin D might increase risk for stroke.

Primary funding source

None.

SUBMITTER: Khan SU

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7261374 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Effects of Nutritional Supplements and Dietary Interventions on Cardiovascular Outcomes: An Umbrella Review and Evidence Map.

Khan Safi U SU Khan Muhammad U MU Riaz Haris H Valavoor Shahul S Zhao Di D Vaughan Lauren L Okunrintemi Victor V Riaz Irbaz Bin IB Khan Muhammad Shahzeb MS Kaluski Edo E Murad M Hassan MH Blaha Michael J MJ Guallar Eliseo E Michos Erin D ED

Annals of internal medicine 20190709 3

<h4>Background</h4>The role of nutritional supplements and dietary interventions in preventing mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes is unclear.<h4>Purpose</h4>To examine evidence about the effects of nutritional supplements and dietary interventions on mortality and cardiovascular outcomes in adults.<h4>Data sources</h4>PubMed, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library from inception until March 2019; ClinicalTrials.gov (10 March 2019); journal Web sites; and reference lists.<h4>Study sele ...[more]

PMID: 31284304

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Dataset Information

Effects of Nutritional Supplements and Dietary Interventions on Cardiovascular Outcomes: An Umbrella Review and Evidence Map.

Background

Purpose

Data sources

Study selection

Data extraction

Data synthesis

Limitations

Conclusion

Primary funding source

Publications

Effects of Nutritional Supplements and Dietary Interventions on Cardiovascular Outcomes: An Umbrella Review and Evidence Map.

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