The Resistance Mechanisms of Checkpoint Inhibitors in Solid Tumors.

ABSTRACT: The emergence of cancer immunotherapy has already shown some remarkable results, having changed the treatment strategy in clinical practice for solid tumors. Despite these promising long-term responses, patients seem to lack the ability to respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors, thus demonstrating a primary resistance to immunotherapy. Moreover, a significant number of patients who initially respond to treatment eventually acquire resistance to immunotherapy. Both resistance mechanisms are a result of a complex interaction among different molecules, pathways, and cellular processes. Several resistance mechanisms, such as tumor microenvironment modification, autophagy, genetic and epigenetic alterations, tumor mutational burden, neo-antigens, and modulation of gut microbiota have already b

SUBMITTER: Koustas E 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7277892 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature