Erratum: Retraction and republication: The roles of a Grandmother in African societies - please do not send them to old people's homes.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Editors of the Journal of Global Health
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7323933 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jun
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Retraction and republication: The roles of a Grandmother in African societies - please do not send them to old people's homes.
Journal of global health 20200601 1
[This corrects the article 010306 in vol. 9, PMID: 31217948.]. ...[more]
Similar Datasets
Project description:[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006671.].
| S-EPMC6505887 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Information security and data breaches are perhaps the biggest challenges that global businesses face in the digital economy. Although data breaches can cause significant harm to users, businesses, and society, there is significant individual and national variation in people's responses to data breaches across markets. This research investigates power distance as an antecedent of people's divergent reactions to data breaches. Eight studies using archival, correlational, and experimental methods find that high power distance makes users more willing to continue patronizing a business after a data breach (Studies 1-3). This is because they are more likely to believe that the business, not they themselves, owns the compromised data (Studies 4-5A) and, hence, do not reduce their transactions with the business. Making people believe that they (not the business) own the shared data attenuates this effect (Study 5B). Study 6 provides additional evidence for the underlying mechanism. Finally, Study 7 shows that high uncertainty avoidance acts as a moderator that mitigates the effect of power distance on willingness to continue patronizing a business after a data breach. Theoretical contributions to the international business literature and practitioner and policy insights are discussed.Supplementary informationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1057/s41267-022-00519-5.
| S-EPMC9118180 | biostudies-literature
Project description:How did human societies evolve from small groups, integrated by face-to-face cooperation, to huge anonymous societies of today, typically organized as states? Why is there so much variation in the ability of different human populations to construct viable states? Existing theories are usually formulated as verbal models and, as a result, do not yield sharply defined, quantitative predictions that could be unambiguously tested with data. Here we develop a cultural evolutionary model that predicts where and when the largest-scale complex societies arose in human history. The central premise of the model, which we test, is that costly institutions that enabled large human groups to function without splitting up evolved as a result of intense competition between societies-primarily warfare. Warfare intensity, in turn, depended on the spread of historically attested military technologies (e.g., chariots and cavalry) and on geographic factors (e.g., rugged landscape). The model was simulated within a realistic landscape of the Afroeurasian landmass and its predictions were tested against a large dataset documenting the spatiotemporal distribution of historical large-scale societies in Afroeurasia between 1,500 BCE and 1,500 CE. The model-predicted pattern of spread of large-scale societies was very similar to the observed one. Overall, the model explained 65% of variance in the data. An alternative model, omitting the effect of diffusing military technologies, explained only 16% of variance. Our results support theories that emphasize the role of institutions in state-building and suggest a possible explanation why a long history of statehood is positively correlated with political stability, institutional quality, and income per capita.
| S-EPMC3799307 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Data from European countries participating in the Generations and Gender Surveys showed that mean loneliness scores of older adults are higher in Eastern than in Western European countries. Although co-residence is considered as one of the fundamental types of social integration, and although co-residence is more common in Eastern Europe, the mean loneliness scores of older co-resident adults in Eastern Europe are still very high. This article investigates mechanisms behind the puzzling between-country differences in social integration and loneliness. Firstly, the theoretical framework of loneliness is discussed starting from the individual's perspective using the deficit and the cognitive discrepancy approach and taking into account older adults' deprived living conditions. Secondly, mechanisms at the societal level are investigated: cultural norms, the demographical composition and differences in societal wealth and welfare. It is argued that an integrated theoretical model, as developed in this article, combining individual and societal level elements, is most relevant for understanding the puzzling reality around social integration and loneliness in country-comparative research. An illustration of the interplay of individual and societal factors in the emergence of loneliness is presented.
| S-EPMC5549113 | biostudies-other
Project description:Demographic transitions are defining events for human societies, marking shifts from natural mortality and fertility rates to the low rates seen in industrialised populations. These transitions can affect trait evolution through altering the direction and strength of selection when variance in fertility and mortality decline. One key feature of human evolution is the evolution of extended post-reproductive life through indirect fitness benefits from grandmothering. Although studies in pre- and post-transition societies have documented beneficial grandmother presence, it remains unknown whether these associations changed before, during, or after the transition. Here, we use genealogical data from eighteenth- to twientieth-century Finland to show grandmother-associated changes of two measures of evolutionary fitness (grandchild survival and birth rate) over the transition. We find that grandmothers had greater opportunity to help as the transition progressed, but their effect on grandchild survival declined alongside general mortality rates, implying that selection on lifespan from grandmothering declined too. Whilst grandmother presence was still associated with reduced birth intervals and hence more grandchildren born post-transition, the nature of this relationship changed greatly. This suggests that although potential for intergenerational interactions increased over the demographic transition, the (hypothesised) evolutionary importance of these interactions declined, which reduced selection for extended post-reproductive lifespan.
| S-EPMC10955376 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This study evaluated whether processing non-timber forest products (NTFPs) and establishing trade partnerships between forest communities and companies enhance the outcomes of NTFP commercialization. In particular, we evaluated whether product processing, partnerships, or their combination was associated with a number of outcomes related to the well-being of forest inhabitants and forest conservation. We based our analyses on ethnographic and quantitative data (i.e., survey and systematic observations) gathered at seven communities from five societies of the Brazilian and Bolivian Amazon. Our results indicated that product processing and partnerships do not represent a silver bullet able to improve the results of NTFP commercialization in terms of well-being and conservation indicators. Compared with cases without interventions, households adopting partnerships but not product processing were most often associated with improved economic proxies of well-being (total income, NTFP income, food consumption and gender equality in income). In comparison, the combination of product processing and partnerships was associated with similar outcomes. Unexpectedly, product processing alone was associated with negative outcomes in the economic indicators of well-being. All of the investigated strategies were associated with less time spent in social and cultural activities. With respect to forest conservation, the strategies that included a partnership with or without processing produced similar results: while household deforestation tended to decrease, the hunting impact increased. Processing alone was also associated with higher levels of hunting, though it did not reduce deforestation. Our results indicate that establishing partnerships may enhance the outcomes of NTFP trade in terms of the financial outcomes of local communities, but practitioners need to use caution when adopting the processing strategy and they need to evaluate potential negative results for indicators of social and cultural activities. With respect to conservation, the three strategies are promising for reducing deforestation, but more pervasive impacts, such as hunting, might increase.
| S-EPMC3422238 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Research on the effects of sedentary behavior on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of the elderly is limited. The present study aimed to determine the association between sedentary behavior and the HRQoL of the young-old (aged 65-74 years) people and old-old (aged ≥75 years) people. METHODS:This study used the raw data of the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for 2016. The study subjects were 1,415 people aged over 65 years. The association between HRQoL and average daily sitting time was analyzed using the point biserial correlation coefficient. The effect of sedentary behavior on HRQoL was analyzed by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS:Overall, elderly people aged ≥65 years spent 7.9 h in sedentary pursuits: the young-old spent 7.7 h and the old-old spent 9.0 h. Longer sitting time was found to be associated with lower HROoL while shorter sitting time was associated with higher HROoL, with the relationship stronger among the old-old than among the young-old. This means that the effects of either having longer time sitting per day and low quality of life or shorter time sitting per day and high quality of life are more pronounced in the old-old in comparison to the young-old. CONCLUSIONS:Sedentary behavior is significantly associated with people's HRQoL. Interventions towards improving the HRQoL by reducing sedentary behavior based on the respective characteristics of young-old and old-old people are needed.
| S-EPMC6660966 | biostudies-other
Project description:Research on ubiquitin (Ub) signaling has focused primarily on homogeneously linked polyUb. Although polyUb containing different linkages within the same chain exist, their structures and signaling properties are unknown. These mixed-linkage chains could be unbranched (i.e., no more than one lysine or methionine linkage per Ub) or branched. Here, we examined the structure, dynamics, receptor selectivity, and disassembly of branched and unbranched tri-Ub containing both K48 and K63 linkages. Each linkage was virtually indistinguishable from its counterpart in homogeneously linked polyUb. Linkage-selective receptors from hHR23A and Rap80 preferentially bound to the K48 or K63 linkages in the branched trimer. Linkage-selective deubiquitinases specifically cleaved their cognate Ub-Ub linkages in mixed-linkage chains, and the 26S proteasome recognized and processed branched tri-Ub. We conclude that mixed-linkage chains retain the distinctive signaling properties of their K48 and K63 components and that these multiple signals can be recognized by multiple linkage-specific receptors. Finally, we propose a new, comprehensive notation for Ub and Ub-like polymers.
| S-EPMC3654000 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveOlder people in care homes frequently experience polypharmacy, increasing the likelihood of medicine-related burden. Pharmacists working within multidisciplinary primary care teams are ideally placed to lead on medication reviews. A randomised controlled trial placed pharmacists, with independent prescribing rights (PIPs), into older people care homes. In the intervention service, PIPs worked with general practitioners (GPs) and care home staff for 6 months, to optimise medicine management at individual resident and care home level. PIP activity included stopping medicines that were no longer needed or where potential harms outweighed benefits. This analysis of qualitative data examines health and social care stakeholders' perceptions of how the service impacted on care home medicine procedures and resident well-being.DesignPragmatic research design with secondary analysis of interviews.SettingPrimary care pharmacist intervention in older people care homes in England, Scotland and Northern Ireland.ParticipantsRecruited from intervention arm of the trial: PIPs (n=14), GPs (n=8), care home managers (n=9) and care home staff (n=6).ResultsThere were resonances between different participant groups about potential benefits to care home residents of a medicine service provided by PIPs. There were small differences in perceptions about changes related to communication between professionals. Results are reported through three themes (1) 'It's a natural fit'-pharmacists undertaking medication review in care homes fitted within multidisciplinary care; (2) 'The resident is cared for'-there were subjective improvements in residents' well-being; (3) 'Moving from "firefighting" to effective systems'-there was evidence of changes to care home medicine procedures.ConclusionThis study suggests that pharmacist independent prescribers in primary care working within the multidisciplinary team can manage care home residents' medicines leading to subjective improvements in residents' well-being and medicine management procedures. Care home staff appreciated contact with a dedicated person in the GP practice.Trial registrationISRCTN 17847169.
| S-EPMC10619113 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Community facilities are an important element that supports older people's daily life and promotes their well-being. However, there is a dearth of comprehensive studies on the effect of planning and design of different types of community facilities on older people's usage patterns and satisfaction. This study aims to provide a framework to explore the relationship among the planning of community facilities, older people's usage and satisfaction level and well-being for different types of community facilities. Both spatial analysis and questionnaire survey (n = 497) methods are employed in this study. This study finds that commercial (89.34%), municipal (83.10%) and leisure (88.13%) facilities are most commonly used by older people. This study suggests that older people's frequency of visiting community facilities is mainly affected by the purpose of visiting a community facility. Planning and design quality of the community facility are found to be significantly associated with older people's satisfaction level with using a community facility. In addition, older people's higher satisfaction level and usage level of community facilities could increase their physical and psychological well-being. The findings of this study not only contribute to the knowledge gap of older people's usage and satisfaction with using community facilities but also suggest that planners should aim toward a better distribution of community facilities to improve older adults' well-being.
| S-EPMC9408318 | biostudies-literature