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Proceedings of the 2019 annual meeting of the Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Study Group.

ABSTRACT: The 2019 Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Study Group (FASDSG) meeting was titled "Computational Approaches to Studying Behavioral Control and Individual Change". The theme was reflected in the presentations of two keynote speakers: A. David Redish, Ph.D., who spoke about computational psychiatry and vulnerabilities in decision-making processes, and Kevin Grimm, Ph.D., who spoke about contemporary machine learning approaches to studying individual change. The conference presented updates from three government agencies, and included short presentations by junior and senior investigators showcasing late-breaking FASD research. The conference was capped by H. Eugene Hoyme, M.D., FACMG, FAAP, the recipient of the 2019 Henry Rosett award for career-long contributions to the field.

SUBMITTER: Hamilton DA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7328148 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Proceedings of the 2019 annual meeting of the Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Study Group.

Hamilton Derek A DA Mooney Sandra M SM Petrenko Christie L M CLM Hamre Kristin M KM

Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.) 20200505

The 2019 Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Study Group (FASDSG) meeting was titled "Computational Approaches to Studying Behavioral Control and Individual Change". The theme was reflected in the presentations of two keynote speakers: A. David Redish, Ph.D., who spoke about computational psychiatry and vulnerabilities in decision-making processes, and Kevin Grimm, Ph.D., who spoke about contemporary machine learning approaches to studying individual change. The conference presented updates from th ...[more]

PMID: 32171771

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Project description:The pathology of fetal alcohol syndrome and the less severe fetal alcohol spectrum disorders includes brain dysmyelination. Recent studies have shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying these white matter abnormalities. Rodent models of fetal alcohol syndrome and human studies have shown suppressed oligodendrocyte differentiation and apoptosis of oligodendrocyte precursor cells. Ethanol exposure led to reduced expression of myelin basic protein and delayed myelin basic protein expression in rat and mouse models of fetal alcohol syndrome and in human histopathological specimens. Several studies have reported increased expression of many chemokines in dysmyelinating disorders in central nervous system, including multiple sclerosis and fetal alcohol syndrome. Acute ethanol exposure reduced levels of the neuroprotective insulin-like growth factor-1 in fetal and maternal sheep and in human fetal brain tissues, while ethanol increased the expression of tumor necrosis factor α in mouse and human neurons. White matter lesions have been induced in the developing sheep brain by alcohol exposure in early gestation. Rat fetal alcohol syndrome models have shown reduced axon diameters, with thinner myelin sheaths, as well as reduced numbers of oligodendrocytes, which were also morphologically aberrant oligodendrocytes. Expressions of markers for mature myelination, including myelin basic protein, also were reduced. The accumulating knowledge concerning the mechanisms of ethanol-induced dysmyelination could lead to the development of strategies to prevent dysmyelination in children exposed to ethanol during fetal development. Future studies using fetal oligodendrocyte- and oligodendrocyte precursor cell-derived exosomes isolated from the mother's blood may identify biomarkers for fetal alcohol syndrome and even implicate epigenetic changes in early development that affect oligodendrocyte precursor cell and oligodendrocyte function in adulthood. By combining various imaging modalities with molecular studies, it may be possible to determine which fetuses are at risk and to intervene therapeutically early in the pregnancy.

Dataset Information

Proceedings of the 2019 annual meeting of the Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Study Group.

Publications

Proceedings of the 2019 annual meeting of the Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Study Group.

Similar Datasets

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