Stem cells and stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in acute and chronic kidney diseases: mechanisms of repair.

ABSTRACT: Acute and chronic renal failure have long been described and now renamed as acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). New concepts are emerging in the pathophysiology of kidney diseases. AKI is often caused by triggering factors (e.g., toxic, ischemic, immunologic) either individually or combined such as in sepsis (inflammation and hypoxia), and it is initiated at a defined time. Several experimental models of AKI have provided deep insight and have convincingly shown important proof-of-concepts of therapeutic relevance over the years. CKD is now considered a slowly developing disease with often an insidious course, lasting many years whereby co-morbidities (e.g., diabetes, hypertension, dysmetabolic syndrome) may act as worsening factors. It has become increasingly evide

SUBMITTER: Tetta C 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7347774 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature