Arm waving in stylophoran echinoderms: three-dimensional mobility analysis illuminates cornute locomotion.

ABSTRACT: The locomotion strategies of fossil invertebrates are typically interpreted on the basis of morphological descriptions. However, it has been shown that homologous structures with disparate morphologies in extant invertebrates do not necessarily correlate with differences in their locomotory capability. Here, we present a new methodology for analysing locomotion in fossil invertebrates with a rigid skeleton through an investigation of a cornute stylophoran, an extinct fossil echinoderm with enigmatic morphology that has made its mode of locomotion difficult to reconstruct. We determined the range of motion of a stylophoran arm based on digitized three-dimensional morphology of an early Ordovician form, Phyllocystis crassimarginata. Our analysis showed that efficient arm-forward epifa

SUBMITTER: Clark EG 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7353985 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature