Mildly symptomatic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: diagnostic and therapeutic considerations.

ABSTRACT:

Aims

Whereas up to about half of patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) report no or only mild symptoms and are considered as clinically stable, the progressive nature of HFrEF, often silent, renders clinical stability a misleading situation, especially if disease progression is unrecognized. We highlight the challenges in the definition of clinical stability and mild symptomatic status in HFrEF, outline clinical characteristics and available diagnostic tools, and discuss evidence and gaps in the current guidelines for the management of these patients.

Methods and results

This is a state-of-the-art review that focuses on clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects in mildly symptomatic HFrEF patients; summarizes the challenges; and proposes dire

SUBMITTER: Arvanitaki A 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7373907 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature