Dataset Information

Single Particle Assays to Determine Heterogeneities within Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalysts.

ABSTRACT: Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) is an important process in oil refinery industry to produce gasoline and propylene. Due to harsh reaction conditions, FCC catalysts are subject to deactivation through for example, metal accumulation and zeolite framework collapse. Here, we perform a screening of the influence of metal poisons on the acidity and accessibility of an industrial FCC catalyst material using laboratory-based single particle characterization that is, μ-XRF and fluorescence microscopy in combination with probe molecules. These methods have been performed on density-separated FCC catalyst fractions, allowing to determine interparticle heterogeneities in the catalyst under study. It was found that with increasing catalyst density and metal content, the acidity and accessibility of the catalyst particles decreased, while their distribution narrowed with catalyst age. For example, particles containing high Ni level possessed very low acidity and were hardly accessible by a Nile Blue dye. Single catalyst particle mapping identifies minority species like the presence of a phosphated zeolite ZSM-5-containing FCC additive for selective propylene formation, catalyst particles without any zeolite phase and catalyst particles, which act as a trap for SOx .

SUBMITTER: Nieuwelink AE

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7384009 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Single Particle Assays to Determine Heterogeneities within Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalysts.

Nieuwelink Anne-Eva AE Velthoen Marjolein E Z MEZ Nederstigt Yoni C M YCM Jagtenberg Kristel L KL Meirer Florian F Weckhuysen Bert M BM

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) 20200529 39

Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) is an important process in oil refinery industry to produce gasoline and propylene. Due to harsh reaction conditions, FCC catalysts are subject to deactivation through for example, metal accumulation and zeolite framework collapse. Here, we perform a screening of the influence of metal poisons on the acidity and accessibility of an industrial FCC catalyst material using laboratory-based single particle characterization that is, μ-XRF and fluorescence microscopy in ...[more]

PMID: 32112709

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Project description:The overall performance of a catalyst particle strongly depends on the ability of mass transport through its pore space. Characterizing the three-dimensional structure of the macro- and mesopore space of a catalyst particle and establishing a correlation with transport efficiency is an essential step toward designing highly effective catalyst particles. In this work, a generally applicable workflow is presented to characterize the transport efficiency of individual catalyst particles. The developed workflow involves a multiscale characterization approach making use of a focused ion beam-scanning electron microscope (FIB-SEM). SEM imaging is performed on cross sections of 10.000 μm2, visualizing a set of catalyst particles, while FIB-SEM tomography visualized the pore space of a large number of 8 μm3 cubes (subvolumes) of individual catalyst particles. Geometrical parameters (porosity, pore connectivity, and heterogeneity) of the material were used to generate large numbers of virtual 3D volumes resembling the sample's pore space characteristics, while being suitable for computationally demanding transport simulations. The transport ability, defined as the ratio of unhindered flow over hindered flow, is then determined via transport simulations through the virtual volumes. The simulation results are used as input for an upscaling routine based on an analogy with electrical networks, taking into account the spatial heterogeneity of the pore space over greater length scales. This novel approach is demonstrated for two distinct types of industrially manufactured fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) particles with zeolite Y as the active cracking component. Differences in physicochemical and catalytic properties were found to relate to differences in heterogeneities in the spatial porosity distribution. In addition to the characterization of existing FCC particles, our method of correlating pore space with transport efficiency does also allow for an up-front evaluation of the transport efficiency of new designs of FCC catalyst particles.

Dataset Information

Single Particle Assays to Determine Heterogeneities within Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalysts.

Publications

Single Particle Assays to Determine Heterogeneities within Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalysts.

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