Increased IL-2 and Reduced TGF-β Upon T-Cell Stimulation are Associated with GM-CSF Upregulation in Multiple Immune Cell Types in Multiple Sclerosis.

ABSTRACT: Granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine produced by immune cells. Recent evidence suggests that GM-CSF plays an important role in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis. We investigated the expression and regulation of GM-CSF in different immune cells in MS. We also investigated the differentiation and frequency of GM-CSF-producing Th cells that do not co-express interferon (IFN)-γ or interleukin-17 (IL-17) (Th-GM cells) in MS. We found a significant increase in the percentage of GM-CSF-expressing Th cells, Th1 cells, Th-GM cells, cytotoxic T (Tc) cells, monocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, and B cells in PBMC from MS patients stimulated with T cell stimuli. Stimulated PBMC culture supernatants from MS patients contained significantly higher

SUBMITTER: Aram J 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7400438 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature