Dataset Information

COVID-19: An Update Regarding the Quest for Finding an Effective Cure.

ABSTRACT: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a global pandemic. COVID-19 is caused by a novel coronavirus known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which was identified at the end of 2019 in a cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, China. It has likely affected everyone in the world either directly or indirectly, financially or through social isolation measures. There are now many publications about its etiology, epidemiology, investigations, and clinical presentation. Therefore, the medical community has a much better understanding of the disease as compared to a few months ago. There is no effective, safe treatment for COVID-19. There are many guidelines, clinical trials, and information on various media platforms that hinder the tracking of developments in this rapidly evolving situation. In this review, we provide a detailed update on various emerging treatment options and analyze the results of recent trials. This review also discusses current progress on finding a COVID-19 vaccine.

SUBMITTER: Bangash FS

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7402638 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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COVID-19: An Update Regarding the Quest for Finding an Effective Cure.

Bangash Fahed S FS Saeed Gulalei G Shahab Palwasha P Waheed Aneeqa A

Cureus 20200705 7

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a global pandemic. COVID-19 is caused by a novel coronavirus known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which was identified at the end of 2019 in a cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, China. It has likely affected everyone in the world either directly or indirectly, financially or through social isolation measures. There are now many publications about its etiology, epidemiology, investigations, and clinical presentation. Theref ...[more]

PMID: 32775090

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Project description:Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is emerging as the greatest public health crisis in the early 21stcentury. Its causative agent, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is an enveloped single stranded positive-sense ribonucleic acid virus that enters cells via the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptor or several other receptors. While COVID-19 primarily affects the respiratory system, other organs including the brain can be involved. In Western clinical studies, relatively mild neurological dysfunction such as anosmia and dysgeusia is frequent (~70-84%) while severe neurologic disorders such as stroke (~1-6%) and meningoencephalitis are less common. It is unclear how much SARS-CoV-2 infection contributes to the incidence of stroke given co-morbidities in the affected patient population. Rarely, clinically-defined cases of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome and acute necrotizing encephalopathy have been reported in COVID-19 patients. Common neuropathological findings in the 184 patients reviewed include microglial activation (42.9%) with microglial nodules in a subset (33.3%), lymphoid inflammation (37.5%), acute hypoxic-ischemic changes (29.9%), astrogliosis (27.7%), acute/subacute brain infarcts (21.2%), spontaneous hemorrhage (15.8%), and microthrombi (15.2%). In our institutional cases, we also note occasional anterior pituitary infarcts. COVID-19 coagulopathy, sepsis, and acute respiratory distress likely contribute to a number of these findings. When present, central nervous system lymphoid inflammation is often minimal to mild, is detected best by immunohistochemistry and, in one study, indistinguishable from control sepsis cases. Some cases evince microglial nodules or neuronophagy, strongly supporting viral meningoencephalitis, with a proclivity for involvement of the medulla oblongata. The virus is detectable by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, or electron microscopy in human cerebrum, cerebellum, cranial nerves, olfactory bulb, as well as in the olfactory epithelium; neurons and endothelium can also be infected. Review of the extant cases has limitations including selection bias and limited clinical information in some cases. Much remains to be learned about the effects of direct viral infection of brain cells and whether SARS-CoV-2 persists long-term contributing to chronic symptomatology.

Dataset Information

COVID-19: An Update Regarding the Quest for Finding an Effective Cure.

Publications

COVID-19: An Update Regarding the Quest for Finding an Effective Cure.

Similar Datasets

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