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An examination of the socio-demographic correlates of patient adherence to self-management behaviors and the mediating roles of health attitudes and self-efficacy among patients with coexisting type 2 diabetes and hypertension.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Patients with coexisting type 2 diabetes and hypertension generally exhibit poor adherence to self-management, which adversely affects their disease control. Therefore, identification of the factors related to patient adherence is warranted. In this study, we aimed to examine (i) the socio-demographic correlates of patient adherence to a set of self-management behaviors relevant to type 2 diabetes and hypertension, namely, medication therapy, diet therapy, exercise, tobacco and alcohol avoidance, stress reduction, and self-monitoring/self-care, and (ii) whether health attitudes and self-efficacy in performing self-management mediated the associations between socio-demographic characteristics and adherence. METHODS:We performed a secondary analysis of data collected in a randomized controlled trial. The sample comprised 148 patients with coexisting type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Data were collected by a questionnaire and analyzed using logistic regression. RESULTS:Female patients were found to be less likely to exercise regularly (odds ratio [OR]?=?0.49, P?=?0.03) and more likely to avoid tobacco and alcohol (OR?=?9.87, P?

SUBMITTER: Xie Z

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7424981 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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An examination of the socio-demographic correlates of patient adherence to self-management behaviors and the mediating roles of health attitudes and self-efficacy among patients with coexisting type 2 diabetes and hypertension.

Xie Zhenzhen Z Liu Kaifeng K Or Calvin C Chen Jiayin J Yan Mian M Wang Hailiang H

BMC public health 20200812 1

<h4>Background</h4>Patients with coexisting type 2 diabetes and hypertension generally exhibit poor adherence to self-management, which adversely affects their disease control. Therefore, identification of the factors related to patient adherence is warranted. In this study, we aimed to examine (i) the socio-demographic correlates of patient adherence to a set of self-management behaviors relevant to type 2 diabetes and hypertension, namely, medication therapy, diet therapy, exercise, tobacco an ...[more]

PMID: 32787809

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Project description:(1) Background: Food waste (FW) in Romania is 70 Kg/capita/year, while 70% of food waste comes from public catering, retail services, and households (over 50%-47 million tons). The present study investigates the socio-demographic factors, behaviors, motivations, and attitudes related to food waste management in Romanian households. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted using an online questionnaire via the Google Forms platform from 15 April 2023 to 15 May 2023. The questionnaire was designed to assess various aspects, such as some socio-demographic information (age, sex, occupation, area of residence, study level, household members number, children <18 years of age); the personal involvement and frequency of food purchases and homemade food cooking; the main sources that generate food waste; the motivation and frequency with which food waste occurs; the level of awareness regarding the impact of food waste; the respondents' intentions regarding sustainable behaviors and practices for food management; the level of information and familiarity of the respondents with the notions of validity and how these may influence their food consumption decisions. (3) Results: The results show that FW incidence is occasionally (42%), very rarely (43.33%), frequently (15%), and no food waste was reported by 2.66% of respondents. The 35-44 age category records the highest FW frequency, followed by 18-24. The most wasted are homemade food (29.67%), bread and bakery products (27.00%), and fruits and vegetables (14.33%). High involvement in purchasing and buying food following a previously established list reduces FW frequency. The same is valid for high daily involvement in food and homemade cooking. High interest in the FW problem and its perception as a waste of money leads to diminishing it, while guilty feelings increase the FW level (37.50% to 73.33%). (4) Conclusions: The present study shows that household food waste management is a multifactorial process that involves numerous socio-demographic, behavioral, and emotional aspects. Extensive data analysis supports our results, revealing deep self-reported information details and confirming its complex approach.

Project description:BackgroundStudies on aggregation of taste preferences among children and their siblings as well as their parents are scarce. We investigated the familial aggregation of taste preferences as well as the effect of sex, age, country of residence and education on variation in taste preferences in the pan- European I.Family cohort.MethodThirteen thousand one hundred sixty-five participants from 7 European countries, comprising 2,230 boys <12 years, 2,110 girls <12 years, 1,682 boys ≥12 years, 1,744 girls ≥12 years and 5,388 parents, completed a Food and Beverage Preference Questionnaire containing 63 food items representing the taste modalities sweet, bitter, salty and fatty. We identified food items that represent the different taste qualities using factor analysis. On the basis of preference ratings for these food and drink items, a preference score for each taste was calculated for children and parents individually. Sibling and parent-child correlations for taste preference scores were calculated. The proportion of variance in children's preference scores that could be explained by their parents' preference scores and potential correlates including sex, age and parental educational was explored.ResultsMean taste preferences for sweet, salty and fatty decreased and for bitter increased with age. Taste preference scores correlated stronger between siblings than between children and parents. Children's salty preference scores could be better explained by country than by family members. Children's fatty preference scores could be better explained by family members than by country. Age explained 17% of the variance in sweet and 16% of the variance in fatty taste preference. Sex and education were not associated with taste preference scores.ConclusionTaste preferences are correlated between siblings. Country could explain part of the variance of salty preference scores in children which points to a cultural influence on salt preference. Further, age also explained a relevant proportion of variance in sweet and fatty preference scores.

Project description:BackgroundHypertension and type 2 diabetes are among the most common non-communicable diseases that contribute to a large number of adult morbidity and mortality in Kenya. The impact of these conditions may pose great challenges in rural areas with limited access to healthcare services. The objective of the study was to assess socio-demographic factors associated with self-reported self-care practices for hypertension and type 2 diabetes among adults living in rural Kenya.MethodsThis study used data from the 2019 Baseline Assessment of the Prevention and Control of Non-Communicable Disease Project in Imenti South, Meru County conducted by the Kenyan Red Cross Society. A community-based study using a cross-sectional design was conducted among four hundred and thirty-five participants in Imenti South sub-County, Meru County in Kenya in November 2019. Chi-square test and logistic regression analyses were conducted to explore sociodemographic factors associated with self-reported self-care practices for hypertension and type 2 diabetes. Crude and Adjusted Odds Ratios with a 95% Confidence Interval (CI) were reported.ResultsAmong the 435 participants, 37.0% self-reported hypertension, while 15.4% reported having type 2 diabetes. Variances in self-care practices were evident between the conditions, notably in terms of adequate fruit and vegetable intake and blood pressure screening. Among individuals with type 2 diabetes, 94% lacked sufficient fruit and vegetable consumption, contrasting with 98.7% among hypertensive participants (p = 0.042). Similarly, a significant majority of individuals with hypertension (71.4%) had blood pressure screening (p = 0.031). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that individuals over 40 years exhibited higher odds of good self-care practice for hypertension compared to their younger counterparts (AOR: 4.67, 95% CI: 1.53-14.27, p = 0.007), whereas those residing in Mitunguu were 71% less likely to engage in such practices than those in Abogeta (AOR: 0.29, 95% CI: 0.09-0.90, p = 0.033). However, none of the variables demonstrated a significant association with self-reported self-care practices for type 2 diabetes following adjustment for potential confounding variables in the multivariable logistic regression analysis.ConclusionsOur study identified socio-demographic factors, including age (> 40 years) and ward (Mitunguu), associated with self-reported self-care practices for hypertension among adults living in rural Kenya. However, we did not find significant associations between sociodemographic factors and self-care practices for type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, factors such as gender, education level, marital status, religion, employment status, and average monthly income did not show significant associations with self-care practices for hypertension or type 2 diabetes. These results provide insights regarding sociodemographic factors associated with self-care practices for hypertension among adults living in rural Kenya. Our study underscores the relevance of considering socio-demographic factors when making evidence-based policy decisions and designing intervention strategies tailored to the adult population in rural Kenya.

Dataset Information

An examination of the socio-demographic correlates of patient adherence to self-management behaviors and the mediating roles of health attitudes and self-efficacy among patients with coexisting type 2 diabetes and hypertension.

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An examination of the socio-demographic correlates of patient adherence to self-management behaviors and the mediating roles of health attitudes and self-efficacy among patients with coexisting type 2 diabetes and hypertension.

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