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Effects of enriched branched-chain amino acid supplementation on sarcopenia.

ABSTRACT: To evaluate the effects of short-term administration of enriched branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) on subjects with pre-sarcopenia or sarcopenia, our quasi-experimental study enrolled 33 subjects (12 pre-sarcopenia/21 sarcopenia; 6 men/27 women; mean age 66.6 ± 10.3 years) to take one sachet (3.6 g) of enriched BCAA powder twice a day for five weeks followed by a discontinuation period of 12 weeks. We evaluated sarcopenic parameters, including grip strength, 6-meter gait speed, and bioelectrical-impedance-analysis-derived skeletal mass index (SMI), at baseline, 5 weeks, and 17 weeks. We found that both pre-sarcopenic and sarcopenic subjects showed improved SMI, gait speed, and grip strength at 5 weeks. However, all three parameters progressively declined at 17 weeks, especially SMI and grip strength in subjects aged < 65 years and gait speed and grip strength in subjects aged ≥ 65 years. It thus appears that supplementation with enriched BCAAs for 5 weeks correlates with short-term positive effects on sarcopenic parameters but attenuation of those effects following discontinuation for 12 weeks.

SUBMITTER: Ko CH

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7425429 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Effects of enriched branched-chain amino acid supplementation on sarcopenia.

Ko Chun-Hung CH Wu Shin-Jiuan SJ Wang Shan-Tair ST Chang Yin-Fan YF Chang Chin-Sung CS Kuan Ta-Shen TS Chuang Hua-Ying HY Chang Chia-Ming CM Chou Willy W Wu Chih-Hsing CH

Aging 20200726 14

To evaluate the effects of short-term administration of enriched branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) on subjects with pre-sarcopenia or sarcopenia, our quasi-experimental study enrolled 33 subjects (12 pre-sarcopenia/21 sarcopenia; 6 men/27 women; mean age 66.6 ± 10.3 years) to take one sachet (3.6 g) of enriched BCAA powder twice a day for five weeks followed by a discontinuation period of 12 weeks. We evaluated sarcopenic parameters, including grip strength, 6-meter gait speed, and bioelectrica ...[more]

PMID: 32712600

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Project description:UnlabelledSkeletal muscle loss (sarcopenia) is a major clinical complication in alcoholic cirrhosis with no effective therapy. Skeletal muscle autophagic proteolysis and myostatin expression (inhibitor of protein synthesis) are increased in cirrhosis and believed to contribute to anabolic resistance. A prospective study was performed to determine the mechanisms of sarcopenia in alcoholic cirrhosis and potential reversal by leucine. In six well-compensated, stable, alcoholic patients with cirrhosis and eight controls, serial vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were obtained before and 7 hours after a single oral branched chain amino acid mixture enriched with leucine (BCAA/LEU). Primed-constant infusion of l-[ring-(2) H5 ]-phenylalanine was used to quantify whole-body protein breakdown and muscle protein fractional synthesis rate using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Muscle expression of myostatin, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) targets, autophagy markers, protein ubiquitination, and the intracellular amino acid deficiency sensor general control of nutrition 2 were quantified by immunoblots and the leucine exchanger (SLC7A5) and glutamine transporter (SLC38A2), by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Following oral administration, plasma BCAA concentrations showed a similar increase in patients with cirrhosis and controls. Skeletal muscle fractional synthesis rate was 9.63 ± 0.36%/hour in controls and 9.05 ± 0.68%/hour in patients with cirrhosis (P = 0.54). Elevated whole-body protein breakdown in patients with cirrhosis was reduced with BCAA/LEU (P = 0.01). Fasting skeletal muscle molecular markers showed increased myostatin expression, impaired mTOR signaling, and increased autophagy in patients with cirrhosis compared to controls (P < 0.01). The BCAA/LEU supplement did not alter myostatin expression, but mTOR signaling, autophagy measures, and general control of nutrition 2 activation were consistently reversed in cirrhotic muscle (P < 0.01). Expression of SLC7A5 was higher in the basal state in patients with cirrhosis than controls (P < 0.05) but increased with BCAA/LEU only in controls (P < 0.001).ConclusionsImpaired mTOR1 signaling and increased autophagy in skeletal muscle of patients with alcoholic cirrhosis is acutely reversed by BCAA/LEU.

Project description:BackgroundBranched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) play a vital role in neonatal nutrition. Optimal BCAA supplementation might improve neonatal nutrient storage, leading to better physical and neurological development and other outcomes.ObjectivesTo determine the effect of BCAA supplementation on physical growth and neurological development in term and preterm neonates. We planned to make the following comparisons: parenteral nutrition with and without BCAA supplementation; enteral BCAA supplementation versus no supplementation; and any type of supplementation including enteral, parenteral and both ways versus no supplementation. To investigate the supplementation effectiveness for different dosages assessed in the eligible trials.Search methodsWe conducted comprehensive searches using Cochrane Neonatal's standard search strategies: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL 2016, Issue 6), MEDLINE, Embase and CINAHL (up to July 2016). We updated the search with CENTRAL (2019, Issue 8), MEDLINE, Embase and CINAHL (up to August 2019). We also searched clinical trials registries and reference lists of retrieved articles.Selection criteriaWe planned to include individual and cluster-randomised and quasi-randomised controlled trials comparing BCAA supplementation versus placebo or no supplementation in term and preterm neonates. We excluded trials presented only as abstracts and cross-over trials.Data collection and analysisTwo review authors independently assessed the eligibility of all potential studies identified from the search strategy. We planned to extract data using a pilot-tested standard data extraction form and assess risk of bias of the included studies following the methods described in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. We planned to analyse treatment effects and report their effect estimates as per dichotomous or continuous data with 95% confidence intervals. We planned to conduct subgroup analysis to investigate heterogeneity, and perform sensitivity analysis where possible. We planned to use fixed-effect meta-analysis to combine data wherever appropriate. We planned to assess evidence quality using the GRADE approach.Main resultsWe did not identify any potentially eligible studies that met the inclusion criteria in this review.Authors' conclusionsWe found no trial data to support or refute the idea that BCAA supplementation affects physical and neurological development and other outcomes in term and preterm neonates.

Project description:The essential branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), leucine, valine and isoleucine, are traditionally associated with skeletal muscle growth and maintenance, energy production, and generation of neurotransmitter and gluconeogenic precursors. Recent evidence from human and animal model studies has established an additional link between BCAA levels and obesity. However, details of the mechanism of regulation of BCAA metabolism during adipogenesis are largely unknown. We interrogated whether the expression of genes and proteins involved in BCAA metabolism are sensitive to the adipocyte differentiation process, and responsive to nutrient stress from starvation or BCAA excess. Murine 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were differentiated to adipocytes under control conditions and under conditions of L-leucine supplementation or serum withdrawal. RNA and proteins were isolated at days 0, 4 and 10 of differentiation to represent pre-differentiation, early differentiation and late differentiation stages. Expression of 16 BCAA metabolism genes was quantified by quantitative real-time PCR. Expression of the protein levels of branched-chain amino acid transaminase 2 (Bcat2) and branched-chain alpha keto acid dehydrogenase (Bckdha) was quantified by immunoblotting. Under control conditions, all genes displayed induction of gene expression during early adipogenesis (Day 4) compared to Day 0. Leucine supplementation resulted in an induction of Bcat2 and Bckdha genes during early and late differentiation. Western blot analysis demonstrated condition-specific concordance between gene and protein expression. Serum withdrawal resulted in undetectable Bcat2 and Bckdha protein levels at all timepoints. These results demonstrate that the expression of genes related to BCAA metabolism are regulated during adipocyte differentiation and influenced by nutrient levels. These results provide additional insights on how BCAA metabolism is associated with adipose tissue function and extends our understanding of the transcriptomic response of this pathway to variations in nutrient availability.

Project description:IntroductionSarcopenia is a major element of malnutrition in liver cirrhosis (LC) and is present in 30-70% of this population, being associated with a poor overall prognosis due to related complications such as hepatic encephalopathy, ascites, and portal hypertension. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) supplementation on several parameters used to assess sarcopenia in LC.Materials and methodsA comprehensive systematic electronic search was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases using predefined keywords. We included full articles that satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Quality assessment of included studies was conducted using Cochrane Collaboration's tool and NHLBI quality assessment tools for interventional and observational studies, respectively. The principal summary outcome was the mean difference (MD) in the evaluated parameters. We performed a pre- and post-intervention analysis and comparison between two intervention groups (BCAA vs. controls) of the evaluated parameters when applicable.ResultsA total of 12 studies involving 1,225 subjects were included in our qualitative synthesis and five in our quantitative synthesis. At baseline vs. post-intervention assessment, subjects receiving BCAA supplementation were found to have a significant improvement in skeletal muscle index (SMI) (-0.347 [95% CI -0.628-0.067; p-value 0.015]) and mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC) (-1.273 [95% CI (-2.251-0.294; p-value 0.011]). However, no improvements were reported in handgrip (-0.616 [95% CI -2.818-1.586; p-value 0.584]) and triceps subcutaneous fat (1.10 [95% CI -0.814-3.014; p-value 0.263]).ConclusionFollowing BCAA supplementation, several parameters used to evaluate sarcopenia in LC patients were found to be improved, including SMI and MAMC. Nevertheless, no improvements were seen in handgrip and triceps subcutaneous fat. Results should be interpreted with caution due to the limited methodological quality of the included studies.

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Effects of enriched branched-chain amino acid supplementation on sarcopenia.

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Effects of enriched branched-chain amino acid supplementation on sarcopenia.

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