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Association of Omnivorous and Vegetarian Diets With Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms in Men.

ABSTRACT: Background Evidence that a vegetarian diet rich in antioxidants contributes to cardiovascular health are growing, however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. HO-1 (heme-oxygenase-1), a marker of adaptive response, is protective against oxidative stress and has shown cardioprotective effects. Therefore, we evaluated circulating HO-1 levels and the effect of plasma from omnivorous and vegetarians in endothelial cells (human umbilical vein endothelial cells) on modulating NRF2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2)/HO-1 and nitric oxide production. Methods and Results From 745 participants initially recruited, 44 omnivorous and 44 vegetarian men matched by age and absence of cardiovascular risk factors and diseases were included in this study. Circulating HO-1 was measured using ELISA and human umbilical vein endothelial cells were incubated with plasma from omnivorous and vegetarians. Higher circulating HO-1 concentrations were found in omnivorous compared with vegetarians. Plasma from omnivorous and not from vegetarians induced NRF2/HO-1 and nitric oxide production in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and increased reactive oxygen species production and caspase activity after incubation with stressor stimulus. Conclusions We suggest that HO-1 induction in omnivorous may indicate a pro-oxidative status since HO-1 is activated under oxidative stress a state not seen in vegetarians.

SUBMITTER: Cinegaglia N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7429062 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Association of Omnivorous and Vegetarian Diets With Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms in Men.

Cinegaglia Naiara N Acosta-Navarro Julio J Rainho Claudia C Antoniazzi Luiza L Mattioli Sarah S Pimentel Caroline C Santos Raul D RD Sandrim Valeria V

Journal of the American Heart Association 20200609 12

Background Evidence that a vegetarian diet rich in antioxidants contributes to cardiovascular health are growing, however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. HO-1 (heme-oxygenase-1), a marker of adaptive response, is protective against oxidative stress and has shown cardioprotective effects. Therefore, we evaluated circulating HO-1 levels and the effect of plasma from omnivorous and vegetarians in endothelial cells (human umbilical vein endothelial cells) on modulating NRF2 (nuc ...[more]

PMID: 32515251

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Project description:BackgroundDietary patterns which exclude whole food groups, such as vegetarian, vegan and low carbohydrate high fat diet (LCHF), are increasingly popular in general public. When carefully planned, all these diets have some known benefits for health, but concerns are also raised in particular for LCHF. The quality of LCHF diet which individuals follow in real life without supervision is not known.MethodsOne hundred thirty healthy individuals with stable body mass following LCHF, vegan, vegetarian and omnivorous diet for at least six months, were compared in a cross-sectional study. Diet was analyzed through 3-day food records and FFQ, anthropometric measurements were performed and serum metabolic biomarkers determined from fasting blood.ResultsParticipants on LCHF diet had the intakes of micronutrients comparable to other groups, while the intakes of macronutrients differed in line with the definition of each diet. The intakes of saturated fats, cholesterol and animal proteins were significantly higher and the intakes of sugars and dietary fibers were lower compared to other groups. Healthy eating index 2015 in this group was the lowest. There were no differences in the levels of glucose, triacylglycerols and CRP among groups. Total and LDL cholesterol levels were significantly higher in LCHF group, in particular in participants with higher ketogenic ratio. Fatty acids intakes and intakes of cholesterol, dietary fibers and animal proteins explained 40% of variance in total cholesterol level, with saturated fatty acids being the strongest positive predictor and monounsaturated fatty acids a negative predictor.ConclusionNone of the self-advised diets provided all the necessary nutrients in optimal levels. Due to the detected increased levels of serum cholesterols, selection of healthy fat sources, higher intake of dietary fibers and partial replacing of animal sources with plant sources of foods should be recommended to the individuals selecting LCFH dietary pattern.Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT04347213.

Project description:The increasing prevalence of unhealthy lifestyle choices contribute to almost all chronic conditions negatively affecting individual and public health. As the most beneficial preventative solution, a healthy lifestyle focusing on the dual approach of physical activity (PA) and a healthful diet is highly recommended. Considering the growing number of people interested in sustainable, plant-based diets, it seems crucial to analyze lifestyle behaviors with a special focus on diet type to delve deeper into the unenthusiastic health status among young populations. Therefore, this multidisciplinary study aims to survey and scale health behaviors with a special focus on the prevalence of traditional and vegetarian diets in connection with PA levels among Austrian pupils (10-19 years), teachers and principals in secondary education levels I and II. Following a cross-sectional design, sociodemographic and school-related data along with a complete profile of lifestyle behaviors, including detailed information regarding diet, PA, sports & exercise, and other health-related behaviors, were collected using online-based questionnaires. A total number of 8,845 children/adolescents (~1.2% of the eligible 771,525 Austrian secondary school pupils) and 1,350 adults (~1.5% of total eligible 89,243 Austrian teachers/principals) participated in the study. As this is the first investigation to explore the prevalence of veganism/vegetarianism amongst a large group of pupils, the present study will add an important contribution to overcome the lack of knowledge on PA, sports & exercise linked to healthy alternative diets. With a sustainable healthy lifestyle, a healthy transition from childhood to adulthood occurs, which can result in growing healthier functioning generations at all social levels. As a study protocol, the present article is intended to present comprehensive details of the study design, objectives, and the associated analytical procedures of the "From Science 2 School" study.

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Association of Omnivorous and Vegetarian Diets With Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms in Men.

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Association of Omnivorous and Vegetarian Diets With Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms in Men.

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