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Development and Characterization of a Compact Device for Measuring the Braking Torque of a Vehicle.

ABSTRACT: In this article, a new force transducer is designed, developed and built for the measurement of braking forces in the wheel rim of a motor vehicle. The parameters of the transducer design are justified using numerical simulation. In order to install it in the vehicle in a simple and interference-free way, the metal base of the caliper rod is used. It is manufactured and installed in a vehicle in order to obtain the signals of the wheel braking torque, in real time, and at different speeds of circulation, carrying out several tests on the track. Subsequently, data are obtained from calculations of the disc brake system itself. The latter provides instantaneous adherence values between the brake pad and the disc.

SUBMITTER: Olmeda E

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7436247 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Development and Characterization of a Compact Device for Measuring the Braking Torque of a Vehicle.

Olmeda Ester E Garrosa María M Sánchez Susana Sanz SS Díaz Vicente V

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) 20200731 15

In this article, a new force transducer is designed, developed and built for the measurement of braking forces in the wheel rim of a motor vehicle. The parameters of the transducer design are justified using numerical simulation. In order to install it in the vehicle in a simple and interference-free way, the metal base of the caliper rod is used. It is manufactured and installed in a vehicle in order to obtain the signals of the wheel braking torque, in real time, and at different speeds of cir ...[more]

PMID: 32751916

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Project description:IntroductionMeasuring rate of torque development (RTD) and peak torque (PT) for hip muscle performance presents challenges in clinical practice. This study investigated the construct validity of a handheld dynamometer (HHD) versus an isokinetic dynamometer (IKD), and intra-rater repeated reliability for RTD and PT and their relationship in hip joint movements.MethodsThirty healthy individuals (mean age = 30 ± 8 years, 13 males) underwent two test sessions in a single day. RTD (0-50, 0-100, 0-150, 0-200ms) and PT normalised to body mass in maximal voluntary isometric contractions were measured using a HHD and an IKD in hip flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal and external rotation.ResultsFor validity between the devices, RTD0-50 exhibited the largest significant systematic bias in all hip movements (3.41-11.99 Nm·s-1 kg-1) and widest limits-of-agreement, while RTD0-200 had the lowest bias (-1.33-3.99 Nm·s-1 kg-1) and narrowest limits-of-agreement. For PT, agreement between dynamometers was observed for hip flexion (0.08 Nm·kg-1), abduction (-0.09 Nm·kg-1), internal (-0.01 Nm·kg-1), and external rotation (0.05 Nm·kg-1). For reliability, intra-rater intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2,1) ranged from moderate to good in RTD0-50 and RTD0-100 (0.5-0.88), and good to excellent in RTD0-150 and RTD0-200 (0.87-0.95) in all movements. The HHD displayed excellent intra-rater, relative reliability values (ICC2,1) in all movements (0.85-0.95). Pearson's correlation revealed good linear correlation between PT and RTD0-150 and RTD0-200 in all movements (r = .7 to .87, p = < .001).ConclusionValidity analysis demonstrated significant systematic bias and lack of agreement in RTD measures between the HHD and IKD. However, the HHD displays excellent to moderate intra-rater, relative reliability for RTD and PT measures in hip movements. Clinicians may use the HHD for hip muscle PT assessment but note, late phase RTD measures are more reliable, valid, and relate to PT than early phase RTD. Additionally, the correlation between RTD and PT at various time epochs was examined to better understand the relationship between these measures.

Project description:An approximate compact model was developed to provide a convenient method of exploring the initial design space when investigating the performance of micro-electronic devices such as nano-scaled piezoelectronic transistors, where fast ball-park estimates can be very helpful. First of all, the compact model was verified by comparing its predictions with those of accurate axi-symmetric finite element analysis (FEA) using special boundary and interface conditions that enable the replication of the analytical model behaviour. Verification is achieved for a radio frequency (RF) switch and a smaller very-large-scale integrated (VLSI) device, where percentage differences between the compact and FEA model predictions are of the order 10-4 for the RF switch and 10-5 for the VLSI device. This confirms the consistency of complex property data (especially electro-thermo-elastic constants) and geometrical parameter input to both types of models and convincingly demonstrates that the analytical models and FEA for the two devices have been implemented correctly. A second type of boundary and interface condition is also used that is designed to replicate the actual behaviour of the devices in practice. The boundary and interface constraints applied for the verification procedure are relaxed so that there is perfect interface bonding between layers. For this unconstrained case, the resulting deformation is very complex, involving both bending effects and edge effects arising from property mismatches between neighbouring layers. The results for the RF switch show surprisingly good agreement between the predictions of the analytical and FEA results, provided the thickness of the piezoelectric layer is not too thick, implying that the analytical model should help to reduce the parameter design space for such devices. However, for the VLSI device, our results indicate that the compact model leads to much larger errors. For such systems, the compact model is unlikely to be able to reliably reduce the parameter design space, implying that accurate FEA will then need to be used.

Dataset Information

Development and Characterization of a Compact Device for Measuring the Braking Torque of a Vehicle.

Publications

Development and Characterization of a Compact Device for Measuring the Braking Torque of a Vehicle.

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