Dataset Information

Neighborhood Deprivation Shapes Motivational-Neurocircuit Recruitment in Children.

ABSTRACT: Implementing motivated behaviors on the basis of prior reward is central to adaptive human functioning, but aberrant reward-motivated behavior is a core feature of neuropsychiatric illness. Children from disadvantaged neighborhoods have decreased access to rewards, which may shape motivational neurocircuits and risk for psychopathology. Here, we leveraged the unprecedented neuroimaging data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study to test the hypothesis that neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage shapes the functional recruitment of motivational neurocircuits in children. Specifically, via the ABCD study's monetary-incentive-delay task (N = 6,396 children; age: 9-10 years), we found that children from zip codes with a high Area Deprivation Index demonstrate blunted recruitment of striatum (dorsal and ventral nuclei) and pallidum during reward anticipation. In fact, blunted dorsal striatal recruitment during reward anticipation mediated the association between Area Deprivation Index and increased attention problems. These data reveal a candidate mechanism driving elevated risk for psychopathology in children from socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods.

SUBMITTER: Mullins TS

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7436831 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Neighborhood Deprivation Shapes Motivational-Neurocircuit Recruitment in Children.

Mullins Teagan S TS Campbell Ethan M EM Hogeveen Jeremy J

Psychological science 20200630 7

Implementing motivated behaviors on the basis of prior reward is central to adaptive human functioning, but aberrant reward-motivated behavior is a core feature of neuropsychiatric illness. Children from disadvantaged neighborhoods have decreased access to rewards, which may shape motivational neurocircuits and risk for psychopathology. Here, we leveraged the unprecedented neuroimaging data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study to test the hypothesis that neighborhood soci ...[more]

PMID: 32603213

Similar Datasets

Project description:Residential instability and neighborhood conditions may shape children's health and development, but it is unclear whether all residential moves are equally destabilizing, and the extent to which moving to neighborhoods with different conditions can improve children's outcomes. Most studies estimating causal effects of these factors on children's health or development use smaller, geographically constrained, urban cohorts. In a racially/ethnically and socioeconomically diverse statewide cohort including urban and rural communities, we investigate effects of residential instability, neighborhood deprivation, and their intersection on childhood educational outcomes. We construct a statewide dataset that links North Carolina birth records (2002-2005) with lead testing data (2003-2015) and 4th grade standardized test scores (2013-2016). A composite census tract-level neighborhood deprivation index (NDI) is linked with individuals based on residence at birth, lead testing, and 4th grade. Outcomes of interest are 4th grade test scores in reading and mathematics. We use multinomial propensity scores to estimate effects of residential instability and neighborhood deprivation on test scores. Children who moved between only high deprivation neighborhoods had lower reading test scores (-0.29 [95% CI: -0.59, -0.015]) compared to children who resided in high deprivation neighborhoods but did not move. Children who resided in a high deprivation neighborhood at birth and subsequently moved to a low deprivation neighborhood(s) had higher test scores compared to those who moved between only high deprivation neighborhoods (1.59 [0.90, 2.28]). Additionally, children who move from high to low deprivation neighborhoods earlier had larger improvements. Being residentially stable, even while residing in a high deprivation neighborhood, is associated with improved educational outcomes. However, there is also a larger positive effect of moving from high to low deprivation neighborhoods. Our findings have important implications, particularly given the increasing segregation of neighborhoods by socioeconomic status and the housing affordability crisis in the United States. Partnerships between housing programs, early childhood education and services, and health care providers, which address evictions and broader issues, may help address health inequalities rooted in childhood exposures and experiences.

Project description:BackgroundDisparities in clinical research participation perpetuate broader health disparities. Recruitment registries are novel tools to address known challenges in accrual to clinical research. Registries may accelerate accrual, but the utility of these tools to improve generalizability is unclear.ObjectiveTo examine the diversity of a local on-line recruitment registry using the Area Deprivation Index (ADI), a publicly available metric of neighborhood disadvantage.DesignRetrospective analysis.SettingData were collected in the University of California Irvine Consent-to-Contact Registry.ParticipantsWe categorized N=2,837 registry participants based on the ADI decile (collapsed into quintiles) using a state-based rankings.MeasurementsWe examined the proportion of enrollees per ADI quintile and quantified the demographics of these groups. We assessed willingness to participate in studies involving unique research procedures among the ADI groups.ResultsAlthough registry enrollees represented the full spectrum of the ADI, they disproportionately represented less disadvantaged neighborhoods (lowest to highest quintiles: 42%, 30%, 15%, 6%, 7%). Compared to participants from less disadvantaged neighborhoods, participants from more disadvantaged neighborhoods were more often female, of non-white race, and Hispanic ethnicity. Despite demographic differences, ADI groups were observed to have similar willingness to participate in research studies.ConclusionsPeople from more disadvantaged neighborhoods may be underrepresented in recruitment registries, increasing the risk that they will be underrepresented when using these tools to facilitate prospective recruitment to clinical research. Once enrolled in registries, participants from more disadvantaged neighborhoods may be equally willing to participate in research. Efforts to increase representation of participants from disadvantaged neighborhoods in registries could be an important first step toward increasing the generalizability of clinical research.

Project description:BackgroundLactobacillus-deficient cervicovaginal microbiota is associated with spontaneous preterm birth and is more common among Black individuals. Persistent racial segregation in the United States has led to differential neighborhood exposures by race that can affect pregnancy outcomes. The extent to which neighborhood exposures may explain racial differences in the cervicovaginal microbiota is unknown.ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine whether neighborhood deprivation, defined as material community deprivation, is associated with a Lactobacillus-deficient cervicovaginal microbiota in a prospective cohort of pregnant individuals. Our hypothesis was that racial differences in neighborhood deprivation may explain the higher prevalence of Lactobacillus-deficient cervicovaginal microbiota in Black birthing people.Study designThis study analyzed data from Motherhood and Microbiome, a prospective pregnancy cohort enrolled from prenatal clinics in a single hospital system 2013-2016 in which a Lactobacillus-deficient cervicovaginal microbiota was previously shown to be associated with spontaneous preterm birth. This study geocoded addresses to obtain census tract neighborhood deprivation data from the Brokamp Nationwide Community Deprivation Index that uses weighted proportions of poverty, income, public assistance, lack of health insurance, and vacant housing. Generalized linear mixed models quantified associations of deprivation with the cervicovaginal microbiota accounting for geographic clustering by census tract and potential confounders. Because of different distributions of neighborhood deprivation and the cervicovaginal microbiota, race-stratified models were used. Mediation analyses quantified the extent to which deprivation may contribute to racial differences in the cervicovaginal microbiota.ResultsHigher neighborhood deprivation was associated with a Lactobacillus-deficient cervicovaginal microbiota. Per standard deviation increment of deprivation, participants had 28% higher adjusted odds (adjusted odds ratio, 1.28; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-1.58) of a Lactobacillus-deficient microbiota. Black participants had higher odds of a Lactobacillus-deficient microbiota than White participants (adjusted odds ratio, 4.00; 95% confidence interval, 2.05-8.26), and mediation analysis revealed that deprivation accounted for 22% (P=.046) of that disparity.ConclusionNeighborhood deprivation was associated with Lactobacillus-deficient cervicovaginal microbiota and may partially explain Black-White disparities in the cervicovaginal microbiota. Mechanistic studies to explore how environmental exposures modify the cervicovaginal microbiota are warranted to identify novel opportunities for future interventional strategies to prevent preterm birth. As the findings demonstrate a potential biological effect from neighborhood conditions, policies that drive urban planning should be explored to improve pregnancy outcomes.

Dataset Information

Neighborhood Deprivation Shapes Motivational-Neurocircuit Recruitment in Children.

Publications

Neighborhood Deprivation Shapes Motivational-Neurocircuit Recruitment in Children.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets