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Impacts of Habitual Diets Intake on Gut Microbial Counts in Healthy Japanese Adults.

ABSTRACT: Although diet is an important factor influencing gut microbiota, there are very few studies regarding that relationship in Japanese people. Here, we analyzed the relationship between habitual dietary intake surveyed by food frequency questionnaire and the quantitative features of gut bacteria by quantitative PCR and next generation sequencer in 354 healthy Japanese adults. The α-diversity of gut microbiota was positively correlated with the intake of mushrooms and beans and negatively correlated with the intake of grains. The β-diversity was significantly associated with the intake of fruits, mushrooms, seaweeds, seafoods, and alcoholic beverages. Multiple linear regression analysis of the relationship between food groups associated with the diversity of gut microbiota and the number of gut bacteria at the genus level found 24 significant associations, including a positive association between alcoholic beverages and the number of Fusobacterium. These results support that habitual dietary intake influenced the diversity of gut microbiota and was strongly associated with the number of specific gut bacteria. These results will help us to understand the complex relationship between habitual diet and gut microbiota of the Japanese.

SUBMITTER: Sugimoto T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7468936 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Impacts of Habitual Diets Intake on Gut Microbial Counts in Healthy Japanese Adults.

Sugimoto Takuya T Shima Tatsuichiro T Amamoto Ryuta R Kaga Chiaki C Kado Yukiko Y Watanabe Osamu O Shiinoki Junko J Iwazaki Kaoru K Shigemura Hiroko H Tsuji Hirokazu H Matsumoto Satoshi S

Nutrients 20200812 8

Although diet is an important factor influencing gut microbiota, there are very few studies regarding that relationship in Japanese people. Here, we analyzed the relationship between habitual dietary intake surveyed by food frequency questionnaire and the quantitative features of gut bacteria by quantitative PCR and next generation sequencer in 354 healthy Japanese adults. The α-diversity of gut microbiota was positively correlated with the intake of mushrooms and beans and negatively correlated ...[more]

PMID: 32806561

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Project description:ImportanceGuidelines recommend that all risk factors for early-onset atrial fibrillation, including lifestyle factors, be proactively managed, considering the poor prognosis of the disease. Not much is known about the association of cumulative alcohol intake with the risk of atrial fibrillation in young adults aged 20 to 39 years, especially among heavy drinkers.ObjectiveTo explore the association of alcohol consumption with the risk of incident atrial fibrillation in young adults.Design, setting, and participantsUsing the National Health Insurance Service database, a nationwide population-based cohort study of adults aged 20 to 39 years without prior atrial fibrillation who underwent 4 serial annual health examinations between 2009 and 2012 was conducted. The cumulative alcohol consumption burden over 4 years was calculated by assigning 1 point to more than moderate drinking (≥105 g of alcohol per week) each year. Additionally, a semiquantitative cumulative burden was calculated by assigning 0, 1, 2, and 3 points to non, mild (<105 g per week), moderate (105-210 g per week), and heavy (≥210 g per week) drinking, respectively. Data were analyzed from May to June 2021.ExposureAmount of alcohol intake in 4 years.Main outcomes and measuresThe primary outcome was incident atrial fibrillation during the follow-up period.ResultsA total of 1 537 836 participants (mean [SD] age 29.5 [4.1] years, 1 100 099 [71.5%] male) were included in the final analysis. According to the 4-year cumulative burden of alcohol consumption stratified by moderate to heavy drinking, 889 382 participants (57.8%) were in the burden 0 group, 203 374 participants (13.2%) in the burden 1 group, 148 087 participants (9.6%) in the burden 2 group, 144 023 participants (9.4%) in the burden 3 group, and 152 970 participants (9.9%) in the burden 4 group. During a median (IQR) follow-up of 6.13 (4.59-6.48) years, atrial fibrillation was newly diagnosed in 3066 participants (0.36 per 1000 person-years). Participants with a cumulative burden of 4 points who continued more than moderate drinking for 4 years showed a 25% higher risk of atrial fibrillation compared with 0-point participants who kept non-to-mild drinking over 4 years (adjusted HR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.12-1.40). In a semiquantitative analysis, participants who sustained heavy drinking for 4 consecutive years were associated with a 47% higher atrial fibrillation risk than those who remained nondrinkers over 4 years (aHR, 1.47, CI 1.18-1.83).Conclusions and relevancePersistent moderate to heavy drinking and higher cumulative alcohol consumption burden might increase the risk of atrial fibrillation even in young adults aged 20 to 39 years.

Project description:BackgroundIncreasing evidence suggests that human gut microbiome plays an important role in variation of skeletal muscle mass (SMM). However, specific causal mechanistic relationship of human gut microbiome with SMM remains largely unresolved. Understanding the causal mechanistic relationship may provide a basis for novel interventions for loss of SMM. This study investigated whether human gut microbiome has a causal effect on SMM among Chinese community-dwelling healthy menopausal women.MethodsEstimated SMM was derived from whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. We performed integrated analyses on whole-genome sequencing, shotgun metagenomic sequencing, and serum short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), as well as available host SMM measurements among community-dwelling healthy menopausal women (N = 482). We combined the results with summary statistics from genome-wide association analyses for human gut microbiome (N = 952) and SMM traits (N = 28 330). As a prerequisite for causality, we used a computational protocol that was proposed to measure correlations among gut metagenome, metabolome, and the host trait to investigate the relationship between human gut microbiome and SMM. Causal inference methods were applied to assess the potential causal effects of gut microbial features on SMM, through one-sample and two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses, respectively.ResultsIn metagenomic association analyses, the increased capacity for gut microbial synthesis of the SCFA butyrate was significantly associated with serum butyrate levels [Spearman correlation coefficient (SCC) = 0.13, P = 0.02] and skeletal muscle index (SCC = 0.084, P = 0.002). Of interest was the finding that two main butyrate-producing bacterial species were both positively associated with the increased capacity for gut microbial synthesis of butyrate [Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (SCC = 0.25, P = 6.6 × 10-7 ) and Butyricimonas virosa (SCC = 0.15, P = 0.001)] and for skeletal muscle index [F. prausnitzii (SCC = 0.16, P = 6.2 × 10-4 ) and B. virosa (SCC = 0.17, P = 2.4 × 10-4 )]. One-sample MR results showed a causal effect between gut microbial synthesis of the SCFA butyrate and appendicular lean mass (β = 0.04, 95% confidence interval 0.029 to 0.051, P = 0.003). Two-sample MR results further confirmed the causal effect between gut microbial synthesis of the SCFA butyrate and appendicular lean mass (β = 0.06, 95% confidence interval 0 to 0.13, P = 0.06).ConclusionsOur results may help the future development of novel intervention approaches for preventing or alleviating loss of SMM.

Dataset Information

Impacts of Habitual Diets Intake on Gut Microbial Counts in Healthy Japanese Adults.

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Impacts of Habitual Diets Intake on Gut Microbial Counts in Healthy Japanese Adults.

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