Dataset Information

A role for gorilla APOBEC3G in shaping lentivirus evolution including transmission to humans.

ABSTRACT: The APOBEC3 deaminases are potent inhibitors of virus replication and barriers to cross-species transmission. For simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) to transmit to a new primate host, as happened multiple times to seed the ongoing HIV-1 epidemic, the viral infectivity factor (Vif) must be capable of neutralizing the APOBEC3 enzymes of the new host. Although much is known about current interactions of HIV-1 Vif and human APOBEC3s, the evolutionary changes in SIV Vif required for transmission from chimpanzees to gorillas and ultimately to humans are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that gorilla APOBEC3G is a factor with the potential to hamper SIV transmission from chimpanzees to gorillas. Gain-of-function experiments using SIVcpzPtt Vif revealed that this barrier could be overcome by a single Vif acidic amino acid substitution (M16E). Moreover, degradation of gorilla APOBEC3F is induced by Vif through a mechanism that is distinct from that of human APOBEC3F. Thus, our findings identify virus adaptations in gorillas that preceded and may have facilitated transmission to humans.

SUBMITTER: Nakano Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7482973 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A role for gorilla APOBEC3G in shaping lentivirus evolution including transmission to humans.

Nakano Yusuke Y Yamamoto Keisuke K Ueda Mahoko Takahashi MT Soper Andrew A Konno Yoriyuki Y Kimura Izumi I Uriu Keiya K Kumata Ryuichi R Aso Hirofumi H Misawa Naoko N Nagaoka Shumpei S Shimizu Soma S Mitsumune Keito K Kosugi Yusuke Y Juarez-Fernandez Guillermo G Ito Jumpei J Nakagawa So S Ikeda Terumasa T Koyanagi Yoshio Y Harris Reuben S RS Sato Kei K

PLoS pathogens 20200910 9

The APOBEC3 deaminases are potent inhibitors of virus replication and barriers to cross-species transmission. For simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) to transmit to a new primate host, as happened multiple times to seed the ongoing HIV-1 epidemic, the viral infectivity factor (Vif) must be capable of neutralizing the APOBEC3 enzymes of the new host. Although much is known about current interactions of HIV-1 Vif and human APOBEC3s, the evolutionary changes in SIV Vif required for transmission fro ...[more]

PMID: 32913367

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Project description:Bats represent one of the largest and most striking nocturnal mammalian radiations, exhibiting many visual system specializations for performance in light-limited environments. Despite representing the greatest ecological diversity and species richness in Chiroptera, Neotropical lineages have been undersampled in molecular studies, limiting the potential for identifying signatures of selection on visual genes associated with differences in bat ecology. Here, we investigated how diverse ecological pressures mediate long-term shifts in selection upon long-wavelength (Lws) and short-wavelength (Sws1) opsins, photosensitive cone pigments that form the basis of colour vision in most mammals, including bats. We used codon-based likelihood clade models to test whether ecological variables associated with reliance on visual information (e.g. echolocation ability and diet) or exposure to varying light environments (e.g. roosting behaviour and foraging habitat) mediated shifts in evolutionary rates in bat cone opsin genes. Using additional cone opsin sequences from newly sequenced eye transcriptomes of six Neotropical bat species, we found significant evidence for different ecological pressures influencing the evolution of the cone opsins. While Lws is evolving under significantly lower constraint in highly specialized high-duty cycle echolocating lineages, which have enhanced sonar ability to detect and track targets, variation in Sws1 constraint was significantly associated with foraging habitat, exhibiting elevated rates of evolution in species that forage among vegetation. This suggests that increased reliance on echolocation as well as the spectral environment experienced by foraging bats may differentially influence the evolution of different cone opsins. Our study demonstrates that different ecological variables may underlie contrasting evolutionary patterns in bat visual opsins, and highlights the suitability of clade models for testing ecological hypotheses of visual evolution.

Dataset Information

A role for gorilla APOBEC3G in shaping lentivirus evolution including transmission to humans.

Publications

A role for gorilla APOBEC3G in shaping lentivirus evolution including transmission to humans.

Similar Datasets

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