Dataset Information

Noninvasive neurostimulation of left ventral motor cortex enhances sensorimotor adaptation in speech production.

ABSTRACT: Sensorimotor adaptation-enduring changes to motor commands due to sensory feedback-allows speakers to match their articulations to intended speech acoustics. How the brain integrates auditory feedback to modify speech motor commands and what limits the degree of these modifications remain unknown. Here, we investigated the role of speech motor cortex in modifying stored speech motor plans. In a within-subjects design, participants underwent separate sessions of sham and anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over speech motor cortex while speaking and receiving altered auditory feedback of the first formant. Anodal tDCS increased the rate of sensorimotor adaptation for feedback perturbation. Computational modeling of our results using the Directions Into Velocities of Articulators (DIVA) framework of speech production suggested that tDCS primarily affected behavior by increasing the feedforward learning rate. This study demonstrates how focal noninvasive neurostimulation can enhance the integration of auditory feedback into speech motor plans.

SUBMITTER: Scott TL

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7484095 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Noninvasive neurostimulation of left ventral motor cortex enhances sensorimotor adaptation in speech production.

Scott Terri L TL Haenchen Laura L Daliri Ayoub A Chartove Julia J Guenther Frank H FH Perrachione Tyler K TK

Brain and language 20200729

Sensorimotor adaptation-enduring changes to motor commands due to sensory feedback-allows speakers to match their articulations to intended speech acoustics. How the brain integrates auditory feedback to modify speech motor commands and what limits the degree of these modifications remain unknown. Here, we investigated the role of speech motor cortex in modifying stored speech motor plans. In a within-subjects design, participants underwent separate sessions of sham and anodal transcranial direc ...[more]

PMID: 32738502

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Project description:Stroke results in enduring damage to the brain which is accompanied by innate neurorestorative processes, such as reorganization of surviving circuits. Nevertheless, patients are often left with permanent residual impairments. Cell based therapy is an emerging therapeutic that may function to enhance the innate neurorestorative capacity of the brain. We previously evaluated human umbilical tissue-derived cells (hUTC) in our non-human primate model of cortical injury limited to the hand area of primary motor cortex. Injection of hUTC 24 h after injury resulted in significantly enhanced recovery of fine motor function compared to vehicle treated controls (Moore et al., 2013). These monkeys also received an injection of Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) 8 days after cortical injury to label cells undergoing replication. This was followed by 12 weeks of behavioral testing, which culminated 3 h prior to perfusion in a final behavioral testing session using only the impaired hand. In this session, the neuronal activity initiating hand movements leads to the upregulation of the immediate early gene c-Fos in activated cells. Following perfusion-fixation of the brain, sections were processed using immunohistochemistry to label c-Fos activated cells, pre-synaptic vesicle protein synaptophysin, and BrdU labeled neuroprogenitor cells to investigate the hypothesis that hUTC treatment enhanced behavioral recovery by facilitating reorganization of surviving cortical tissues. Quantitative analysis revealed that c-Fos activated cells were significantly increased in the ipsi- and contra-lesional ventral premotor but not the dorsal premotor cortices in the hUTC treated monkeys compared to placebo controls. Furthermore, the increase in c-Fos activated cells in the ipsi- and contra-lesional ventral premotor cortex correlated with a decrease in recovery time and improved grasp topography. Interestingly, there was no difference between treatment groups in the number of synaptophysin positive puncta in either ipsi- or contra-lesional ventral or dorsal premotor cortices. Nor was there a significant difference in the density of BrdU labeled cells in the subgranular zone of the hippocampus or the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle. These findings support the hypothesis that hUTC treatment enhances the capacity of the brain to reorganize after cortical injury and that bilateral plasticity in ventral premotor cortex is a critical locus for this recovery of function. This reorganization may be accomplished through enhanced activation of pre-existing circuits within ventral premotor, but it could also reflect ventral premotor projections to the brainstem or spinal cord.

Dataset Information

Noninvasive neurostimulation of left ventral motor cortex enhances sensorimotor adaptation in speech production.

Publications

Noninvasive neurostimulation of left ventral motor cortex enhances sensorimotor adaptation in speech production.

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