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The complete mitochondrial genome of Anas penelope (Anatidae: Anas).

ABSTRACT: The complete mitochondrial DNA genome of the Eurasian Wigeon, Anas penelope, was mapped by the next-generation sequencing and Mega 7.0. The circular mitogenome (16,596 bp in length) contains 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes (12S ribosomal RNA and 16S ribosomal RNA), 22 tRNA genes and a control region. The content of four base pairs of the complete mitochondrial DNA is 28.9% of A, 22.3%of T, 32.7%of C and 16.1% of G. To validate the phylogenetic relationship, 25 published complete mitochondrial genomes of Anseriformesalong with the genome of Terek sandpiper were used to construct the phylogenetic tree.

SUBMITTER: Sun X

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7510573 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The complete mitochondrial genome of <i>Anas penelope</i> (Anatidae: Anas).

Sun Xiaoping X Hu Chaochao C Li Shuang S Zhai Mengfan M Liu Wei W Zhang Yinlong Y

Mitochondrial DNA. Part B, Resources 20200529 3

The complete mitochondrial DNA genome of the Eurasian Wigeon, <i>Anas penelope</i>, was mapped by the next-generation sequencing and Mega 7.0. The circular mitogenome (16,596 bp in length) contains 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes (12S ribosomal RNA and 16S ribosomal RNA), 22 tRNA genes and a control region. The content of four base pairs of the complete mitochondrial DNA is 28.9% of A, 22.3%of T, 32.7%of C and 16.1% of G. To validate the phylogenetic relationship, 25 published complete mit ...[more]

PMID: 33366974

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Project description:BackgroundLimited data are currently available on protozoan parasites of the genus Sarcocystis that infect their avian hosts within the order Anseriformes (waterfowl). To date, no Sarcocystis species has been recorded in ducks in China.MethodsLeg muscles were sampled from 26 domestic ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) in China in 2021. Morphological characteristics of sarcocysts detected in the muscle tissue were described using light microscopy (LM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Genomic DNA was extracted from single sarcocysts obtained from different ducks, and three genetic markers, 18S ribosomal DNA (18S rDNA), 28S ribosomal DNA (28S rDNA) and mitochondrial (mt) cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (cox1), were amplified and cloned for sequence analyses.ResultsSarcocysts were observed by LM in only three of the 28 samples (10.7%). These sarcocysts had a thick cyst wall with numerous brush-like villar protrusions (vps) of 3.8-4.3 μm in length (n = 30) on the cyst surface. TEM observation showed that the sarcocysts had lanceolated vps. Each vps narrowed in the stalk and contained a bundle of microtubules that extended into the ground substance. Comparisons of the new sequences with those deposited in GenBank showed that the most similar sequences were those of Sarcocystis halieti in the great cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo and European starling Sturnus vulgaris, and Sarcocystis calchasi in the domestic pigeon (Columba livia) at the 18S rDNA (99.1% identity); Sarcocystis wenzeli from the domestic chicken Gallus gallus at the 28S rDNA (95.9-96.0% identity); and Sarcocystis speeri from the opossum at the mtcox1 (98.2% identity). The new 18S rDNA, 28S rDNA and mitochondrial cox1 sequences shared up to 99.0%, 95.6% and 97.7% identity, respectively, with those of Sarcocystis spp. obtained from Anseriformes avian hosts. Phylogenetic analysis inferred from the sequences of the three genetic markers placed the organism within a group of Sarcocystis spp. obtained from avian or carnivorous intermediate hosts and avian, marsupial or carnivorous definitive hosts. Based on the morphological observation and molecular analyses, the organism found in the Chinese domestic ducks was regarded as a new species and named Sarcocystis platyrhynchosi n. sp.ConclusionsBased on morphology and sequence analyses, the microcysts diagnosed in the domestic ducks examined in this study were named as a new species. This is the first record of Sarcocystis spp. from waterfowl in China. Sarcocysts of similar morphology occur frequently in different Anseriformes birds, and the relationships among these species need to be further clarified in future studies using more molecular markers.

Project description:The complete sequence of honeybee (Apis mellifera) mitochondrial DNA is reported being 16,343 bp long in the strain sequenced. Relative to their positions in the Drosophila map, 11 of the tRNA genes are in altered positions, but the other genes and regions are in the same relative positions. Comparisons of the predicted protein sequences indicate that the honeybee mitochondrial genetic code is the same as that for Drosophila; but the anticodons of two tRNAs differ between these two insects. The base composition shows extreme bias, being 84.9% AT (cf. 78.6% in Drosophila yakuba). In protein-encoding genes, the AT bias is strongest at the third codon positions (which in some cases lack guanines altogether), and least in second codon positions. Multiple stepwise regression analysis of the predicted products of the protein-encoding genes shows a significant association between the numbers of occurrences of amino acids and %T in codon family, but not with the number of codons per codon family or other parameters associated with codon family base composition. Differences in amino acid abundances are apparent between the predicted Apis and Drosophila proteins, with a relative abundance in the Apis proteins of lysine and a relative deficiency of alanine. Drosophila alanine residues are as often replaced by serine as conserved in Apis. The differences in abundances between Drosophila and Apis are associated with %AT in the codon families, and the degree of divergence in amino acid composition between proteins correlates with the divergence in %AT at the second codon positions. Overall, transversions are about twice as abundant as transitions when comparing Drosophila and Apis protein-encoding genes, but this ratio varies between codon positions. Marked excesses of transitions over chance expectation are seen for the third positions of protein-coding genes and for the gene for the small subunit of ribosomal RNA. For the third codon positions the excess of transitions is adequately explained as due to the restriction of observable substitutions to transitions for conserved amino acids with two-codon families; the excess of transitions over expectation for the small ribosomal subunit suggests that the conservation of nucleotide size is favored by selection.

Dataset Information

The complete mitochondrial genome of Anas penelope (Anatidae: Anas).

Publications

The complete mitochondrial genome of <i>Anas penelope</i> (Anatidae: Anas).

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