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Deep drilling reveals massive shifts in evolutionary dynamics after formation of ancient ecosystem.

ABSTRACT: The scarcity of high-resolution empirical data directly tracking diversity over time limits our understanding of speciation and extinction dynamics and the drivers of rate changes. Here, we analyze a continuous species-level fossil record of endemic diatoms from ancient Lake Ohrid, along with environmental and climate indicator time series since lake formation 1.36 million years (Ma) ago. We show that speciation and extinction rates nearly simultaneously decreased in the environmentally dynamic phase after ecosystem formation and stabilized after deep-water conditions established in Lake Ohrid. As the lake deepens, we also see a switch in the macroevolutionary trade-off, resulting in a transition from a volatile assemblage of short-lived endemic species to a stable community of long-lived species. Our results emphasize the importance of the interplay between environmental/climate change, ecosystem stability, and environmental limits to diversity for diversification processes. The study also provides a new understanding of evolutionary dynamics in long-lived ecosystems.

SUBMITTER: Wilke T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7527215 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Deep drilling reveals massive shifts in evolutionary dynamics after formation of ancient ecosystem.

Wilke Thomas T Hauffe Torsten T Jovanovska Elena E Cvetkoska Aleksandra A Donders Timme T Ekschmitt Klemens K Francke Alexander A Lacey Jack H JH Levkov Zlatko Z Marshall Charles R CR Neubauer Thomas A TA Silvestro Daniele D Stelbrink Björn B Vogel Hendrik H Albrecht Christian C Holtvoeth Jens J Krastel Sebastian S Leicher Niklas N Leng Melanie J MJ Lindhorst Katja K Masi Alessia A Ognjanova-Rumenova Nadja N Panagiotopoulos Konstantinos K Reed Jane M JM Sadori Laura L Tofilovska Slavica S Van Bocxlaer Bert B Wagner-Cremer Friederike F Wesselingh Frank P FP Wolters Volkmar V Zanchetta Giovanni G Zhang Xiaosen X Wagner Bernd B

Science advances 20200930 40

The scarcity of high-resolution empirical data directly tracking diversity over time limits our understanding of speciation and extinction dynamics and the drivers of rate changes. Here, we analyze a continuous species-level fossil record of endemic diatoms from ancient Lake Ohrid, along with environmental and climate indicator time series since lake formation 1.36 million years (Ma) ago. We show that speciation and extinction rates nearly simultaneously decreased in the environmentally dynamic ...[more]

PMID: 32998898

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Project description:IntroductionIn 2019, China experienced massive dengue outbreaks with high incidence and expanded outbreak areas. The study aims to depict dengue's epidemiology and evolutionary dynamics in China and explore the possible origin of these outbreaks.MethodsRecords of confirmed dengue cases in 2019 were obtained from the China Notifiable Disease Surveillance System. The sequences of complete envelope gene detected from the outbreak provinces in China in 2019 were retrieved from GenBank. Maximum Likelihood trees were constructed to genotype the viruses. The median-joining network was used to visualize fine-scale genetic relationships. Four methods were used to estimate the selective pressure.ResultsA total of 22,688 dengue cases were reported, 71.4% of which were indigenous cases and 28.6% were imported cases (including from abroad and from other domestic provinces). The abroad cases were predominantly imported from Southeast Asia countries (94.6%), with Cambodia (3,234 cases, 58.9%), and Myanmar (1,097 cases, 20.0%) ranked as the top two. A total of 11 provinces with dengue outbreaks were identified in the central-south of China, of which Yunnan and Guangdong provinces had the highest number of imported and indigenous cases. The primary source of imported cases in Yunnan was from Myanmar, while in the other ten provinces, the majority of imported cases were from Cambodia. Guangdong, Yunnan and Guangxi provinces were China's primary sources of domestically imported cases. Phylogenetic analysis of the viruses in outbreak provinces revealed three genotypes: (I, IV, and V) in DENV 1, Cosmopolitan and Asian I genotypes in DENV 2, and two genotypes (I and III) in DENV 3. Some genotypes concurrently circulated in different outbreak provinces. Most of the viruses were clustered with those from Southeast Asia. Haplotype network analysis showed that Southeast Asia, possibly Cambodia and Thailand, was the respective origin of the viruses in clade 1 and 4 for DENV 1. Positive selection was detected at codon 386 in clade 1.ConclusionDengue importation from abroad, especially from Southeast Asia, resulted in the dengue epidemic in China in 2019. Domestic transmission between provinces and positive selection on virus evolution may contribute to the massive dengue outbreaks.

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Deep drilling reveals massive shifts in evolutionary dynamics after formation of ancient ecosystem.

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Deep drilling reveals massive shifts in evolutionary dynamics after formation of ancient ecosystem.

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