Project description:Gene expression profiling in soybean under aluminum stress: Transcriptome response to Al stress in roots of Al-tolerant genotype (PI 416937). Aluminum (Al) toxicity is a major constraint of crop production on acid soils. Many commercial soybean cultivars and advanced breeding lines have been evaluated for Al tolerance. Aluminum tolerance is quantitatively inherited trait in soybean making it difficult for genetic improvement. Understanding the molecular and genetic mechanisms of tolerance is crucial for developing efficient and effective programs aimed at improving Al tolerance trait The molecular mechanisms of Al tolerance is poorly understood in soybean. The objective of the research was to identify candidate aluminum tolerance genes in soybean Al-tolerant soybean genotype PI 416937 seedlings were exposed to zero or 10 µM Al in growth chamber under hydroponic conditions for four time span of 2, 12, 48 and 72 hrs in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Microarray analysis was made on mRNA isolated from 1 cm log tap root tips using Affymetrix soybean array with over 68,000 probe sets Glycine max L and wild soybean combined. Both novel and known genes were discovered in response to Al treatment. They include Al tolerance relevant proteins, families of transcription factors, zinc finger, bZIP, WRKY, MYB, ADR6, and NAC domain proteins were induced likely regulating Al tolerance downstream genes. Stress related proteins, cytochrome P450, glutathione-s transferase, glutaredoxin family and ascorbic acid biosynthesis protein were induced as signatures of cellular detoxification mechanisms. An ABC type multidrug resistance protein that could act as citrate transporter or Al exporter was up-regulated, a key Al tolerance mechanisms in several species. A cell wall loosening enzyme endoxylglucan hydrolases were also up-regulated probably reversing the wall rigidification caused by Al and promoting root growth under Al stress. Phytosulfokines growth factor involved in cell division and proliferation was up-regulated likely as a direct counter action to Al toxicity which inhibits root growth by limiting cell division and elongation. In conclusion, the Al tolerance candidate genes identified herein are potential targets for future genetic engineering and molecular breeding work on Al tolerance trait in soybean which in turn would contribute to gain in soybean productivity on acid soils.

Project description:Gene expression profiling in soybean under aluminum stress: Transcriptome response to Al stress in roots of Al-tolerant genotype (PI 416937). Aluminum (Al) toxicity is a major constraint of crop production on acid soils. Many commercial soybean cultivars and advanced breeding lines have been evaluated for Al tolerance. Aluminum tolerance is quantitatively inherited trait in soybean making it difficult for genetic improvement. Understanding the molecular and genetic mechanisms of tolerance is crucial for developing efficient and effective programs aimed at improving Al tolerance trait The molecular mechanisms of Al tolerance is poorly understood in soybean. The objective of the research was to identify candidate aluminum tolerance genes in soybean Al-tolerant soybean genotype PI 416937 seedlings were exposed to zero or 10 µM Al in growth chamber under hydroponic conditions for four time span of 2, 12, 48 and 72 hrs in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Microarray analysis was made on mRNA isolated from 1 cm log tap root tips using Affymetrix soybean array with over 68,000 probe sets Glycine max L and wild soybean combined. Both novel and known genes were discovered in response to Al treatment. They include Al tolerance relevant proteins, families of transcription factors, zinc finger, bZIP, WRKY, MYB, ADR6, and NAC domain proteins were induced likely regulating Al tolerance downstream genes. Stress related proteins, cytochrome P450, glutathione-s transferase, glutaredoxin family and ascorbic acid biosynthesis protein were induced as signatures of cellular detoxification mechanisms. An ABC type multidrug resistance protein that could act as citrate transporter or Al exporter was up-regulated, a key Al tolerance mechanisms in several species. A cell wall loosening enzyme endoxylglucan hydrolases were also up-regulated probably reversing the wall rigidification caused by Al and promoting root growth under Al stress. Phytosulfokines growth factor involved in cell division and proliferation was up-regulated likely as a direct counter action to Al toxicity which inhibits root growth by limiting cell division and elongation. In conclusion, the Al tolerance candidate genes identified herein are potential targets for future genetic engineering and molecular breeding work on Al tolerance trait in soybean which in turn would contribute to gain in soybean productivity on acid soils. One genotype PI 416937 (p); four time points: (2, 12, 48, and 72 hrs), with replicates (2 or 3)

Project description:BackgroundPer- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent organic pollutants. The first exposure to PFAS occurs in utero, after birth it continues via breast milk, food intake, environment, and consumer products that contain these chemicals. Our aim was to identify determinants of PFAS concentrations in sensitive population subgroups- pregnant women and newborns.MethodsNine European birth cohorts provided exposure data on PFAS in pregnant women (INMA-Gipuzkoa, Sabadell, Valencia, ELFE and MoBa; total N = 5897) or newborns (3xG study, FLEHS 2, FLEHS 3 and PRENATAL; total N = 940). PFOS, PFOA, PFHxS and PFNA concentrations were measured in maternal or cord blood, depending on the cohort (FLEHS 2 measured only PFOS and PFOA). PFAS concentrations were analysed according to maternal characteristics (age, BMI, parity, previous breastfeeding, smoking, and food consumption during pregnancy) and parental educational level. The association between potential determinants and PFAS concentrations was evaluated using multiple linear regression models.ResultsWe observed significant variations in PFAS concentrations among cohorts. Higher PFAS concentrations were associated with higher maternal age, primipara birth, and educational level, both for maternal blood and cord blood. Higher PFAS concentrations in maternal blood were associated with higher consumption of fish and seafood, meat, offal and eggs. In cord blood, higher PFHxS concentrations were associated with daily meat consumption and higher PFNA with offal consumption. Daily milk and dairy consumption were associated with lower concentrations of PFAS in both, pregnant women and newborns.ConclusionHigh detection rates of the four most abundant PFAS demonstrate ubiquitous exposure of sensitive populations, which is of concern. This study identified several determinants of PFAS exposure in pregnant women and newborns, including dietary factors, and these findings can be used for proposing measures to reduce PFAS exposure, particularly from dietary sources.

Dataset Information

Al exposure increases proline levels by different pathways in an Al-sensitive and an Al-tolerant rye genotype.

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Al exposure increases proline levels by different pathways in an Al-sensitive and an Al-tolerant rye genotype.

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