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Contribution of NKT cells to the immune response and pathogenesis triggered by respiratory viruses.

ABSTRACT: Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) and human metapneumovirus (hMPV) cause acute respiratory tract infections in children worldwide. Natural killer T (NKT) cells are unconventional T lymphocytes, and their TCRs recognize glycolipids bound to the MHC-I-like molecule, CD1d. These cells modulate the inflammatory response in viral infections. Here, we evaluated the contribution of NKT cells in both hRSV and hMPV infections. A significant decrease in the number of neutrophils, eosinophils, and CD103+DCs infiltrating to the lungs, as well as an increased production of IFN-?, were observed upon hRSV-infection in CD1d-deficient BALB/c mice, as compared to wild-type control mice. However, this effect was not observed in the CD1d-deficient BALB/c group, upon infection with hMPV. Importantly, reduced expression of CD1d in CD11b+ DCs and epithelial cells was found in hRSV -but not hMPV-infected mice. Besides, a reduction in the expression of CD1d in alveolar macrophages of lungs from hRSV- and hMPV-infected mice was found. Such reduction of CD1d expression interfered with NKT cells activation, and consequently IL-2 secretion, as characterized by in vitro experiments for both hRSV and hMPV infections. Furthermore, increased numbers of NKT cells recruited to the lungs in response to hRSV- but not hMPV-infection was detected, resulting in a reduction in the expression of IFN-? and IL-2 by these cells. In conclusion, both hRSV and hMPV might be differently impairing NKT cells function and contributing to the immune response triggered by these viruses.

SUBMITTER: Rey-Jurado E

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7549913 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Contribution of NKT cells to the immune response and pathogenesis triggered by respiratory viruses.

Rey-Jurado Emma E Bohmwald Karen K Gálvez Nicolás M S NMS Becerra Daniela D Porcelli Steven A SA Carreño Leandro J LJ Kalergis Alexis M AM

Virulence 20201201 1

Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) and human metapneumovirus (hMPV) cause acute respiratory tract infections in children worldwide. Natural killer T (NKT) cells are unconventional T lymphocytes, and their TCRs recognize glycolipids bound to the MHC-I-like molecule, CD1d. These cells modulate the inflammatory response in viral infections. Here, we evaluated the contribution of NKT cells in both hRSV and hMPV infections. A significant decrease in the number of neutrophils, eosinophils, and C ...[more]

PMID: 32463330

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Project description:We aimed at systematically inferring the regulatory functions of host lncRNAs in response to influenza A virus (IAV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in the mouse model, using a ‘guilt-by-association’ approach which relies on finding which lncRNAs have similar expression profiles to protein-coding genes of known function. To build a large panel of diverse host responses to viral infection, we took advantage of the genetic diversity present in the 8 founder strains of the Collaborative Cross (CC) mouse resource. Extensive pulmonary host-response profiling was performed on mock and viral-infected lungs at 2 and 4 days post-infection using total RNA-Seq. Overall lncRNAs accounted for about 40% of total genes differentially expressed upon infections (5,329 DE lncRNAs). To predict the functions of these lncRNAs, we constructed a co-expression network using the weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) and identified modules of co-expressed genes. Several lncRNAs were identified as belonging to gene modules associated with viral replication or weight loss, and enriched in various infection-related biological processes such as immune response. In addition, each lncRNA was individually annotated using ranked list of DE genes based on signed correlation with each LncRNA. We predicted that a few lncRNAs may be implicated in more than 50 biological processes or pathways. Finally, we identified the lncRNAs that were positively or negatively correlated with all their neighbors and may have cis enhancer or inhibitor effects. We validated our prediction by examining additional RNASeq dataset of mice treated with IFN-alpha. Altogether, these results provide a broad categorization of lncRNA functions and identify subsets of lncRNAs with potential key roles for respiratory virus pathogenesis. These data are fully accessible through The MOuse NOn-Code Lung database (MONOCLdb) http://monocldb.viromics.washington.edu/ At 2 or 4 days post infection, Collaborative Cross founders mice (n=2-3 for infected conditions, n=2 for mocks) were euthanized and lungs were used for total RNA-Seq.

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Contribution of NKT cells to the immune response and pathogenesis triggered by respiratory viruses.

Publications

Contribution of NKT cells to the immune response and pathogenesis triggered by respiratory viruses.

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