Toll-like receptors in sepsis-associated cytokine storm and their endogenous negative regulators as future immunomodulatory targets.

ABSTRACT: Cytokine storm generates during various systemic acute infections, including sepsis and current pandemic called COVID-19 (severe) causing devastating inflammatory conditions, which include multi-organ failure or multi-organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and death of the patient. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are one of the major pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) expressed by immune cells as well as non-immune cells, including neurons, which play a crucial role in generating cytokine storm. They recognize microbial-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs, expressed by pathogens) and damage or death-associate molecular patterns (DAMPs; released and/expressed by damaged/killed host cells). Upon recognition of MAMPs and DAMPs, TLRs activate downstream signaling pathways releasing several pro-inflam

SUBMITTER: Kumar V 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7550173 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature