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Biodiversity intervention enhances immune regulation and health-associated commensal microbiota among daycare children.

ABSTRACT: As the incidence of immune-mediated diseases has increased rapidly in developed societies, there is an unmet need for novel prophylactic practices to fight against these maladies. This study is the first human intervention trial in which urban environmental biodiversity was manipulated to examine its effects on the commensal microbiome and immunoregulation in children. We analyzed changes in the skin and gut microbiota and blood immune markers of children during a 28-day biodiversity intervention. Children in standard urban and nature-oriented daycare centers were analyzed for comparison. The intervention diversified both the environmental and skin Gammaproteobacterial communities, which, in turn, were associated with increases in plasma TGF-β1 levels and the proportion of regulatory T cells. The plasma IL-10:IL-17A ratio increased among intervention children during the trial. Our findings suggest that biodiversity intervention enhances immunoregulatory pathways and provide an incentive for future prophylactic approaches to reduce the risk of immune-mediated diseases in urban societies.

SUBMITTER: Roslund MI

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7556828 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Biodiversity intervention enhances immune regulation and health-associated commensal microbiota among daycare children.

Roslund Marja I MI Puhakka Riikka R Grönroos Mira M Nurminen Noora N Oikarinen Sami S Gazali Ahmad M AM Cinek Ondřej O Kramná Lenka L Siter Nathan N Vari Heli K HK Soininen Laura L Parajuli Anirudra A Rajaniemi Juho J Kinnunen Tuure T Laitinen Olli H OH Hyöty Heikki H Sinkkonen Aki A

Science advances 20201014 42

As the incidence of immune-mediated diseases has increased rapidly in developed societies, there is an unmet need for novel prophylactic practices to fight against these maladies. This study is the first human intervention trial in which urban environmental biodiversity was manipulated to examine its effects on the commensal microbiome and immunoregulation in children. We analyzed changes in the skin and gut microbiota and blood immune markers of children during a 28-day biodiversity interventio ...[more]

PMID: 33055153

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Project description:BackgroundWe performed a 12-month cohort study of the stability and resilience of the intestinal microbiota of healthy children in daycare in Denmark in relation to diarrheal events and exposure to known risk factors for gastrointestinal health such as travelling and antibiotic use. In addition, we analyzed how gut microbiota recover from such exposures.ResultsWe monitored 32 children in daycare aged 1-6 years. Fecal samples were submitted every second month during a one-year observational period. Information regarding exposures and diarrheal episodes was obtained through questionnaires. Bacterial communities were identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The core microbiota (mean abundance > 95%) dominated the intestinal microbiota, and none of the tested exposures (diarrheal events, travel, antibiotic use) were associated with decreases in the relative abundance of the core microbiota. Samples exhibited lower intra-individual variation than inter-individual variation. Half of all the variation between samples was explained by which child a sample originated from. Age explained 7.6-9.6% of the variation, while traveling, diarrheal events, and antibiotic use explained minor parts of the beta diversity. We found an age-dependent increase of alpha diversity in children aged 1-3 years, and while diarrheal events caused a decrease in alpha diversity, a recovery time of 40-45 days was observed. Among children having had a diarrheal event, we observed a 10x higher relative abundance of Prevotella. After travelling, a higher abundance of two Bacteroides species and 40% less Lachnospiraceae were seen. Antibiotic use did not correlate with changes in the abundance of any bacteria.ConclusionWe present data showing that Danish children in daycare have stable intestinal microbiota, resilient to the exposures investigated. An early age-dependent increase in the diversity was demonstrated. Diarrheal episodes decreased alpha diversity with an estimated recovery time of 40-45 days.

Dataset Information

Biodiversity intervention enhances immune regulation and health-associated commensal microbiota among daycare children.

Publications

Biodiversity intervention enhances immune regulation and health-associated commensal microbiota among daycare children.

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