Type 1 Diabetes: Interferons and the Aftermath of Pancreatic Beta-Cell Enteroviral Infection.

ABSTRACT: Enteroviruses (EVs) have long been implicated in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D), and accumulating evidence has associated virus-induced autoimmunity with the loss of pancreatic beta cells in T1D. Inflammatory cytokines including interferons (IFN) form a primary line of defence against viral infections, and their chronic elevation is a hallmark feature of many autoimmune diseases. IFNs play a key role in activating and regulating innate and adaptive immune responses, and to do so they modulate the expression of networks of genes and transcription factors known generically as IFN stimulated genes (ISGs). ISGs in turn modulate critical cellular processes ranging from cellular metabolism and growth regulation to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis. More recent studies ha

SUBMITTER: Akhbari P 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7565444 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature