Project description:Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, type 2 diabetes (T2D) was marked as a risk-factor for severe disease. Inflammation is central to the aetiology of both conditions where immune responses influence disease course. Identifying at-risk groups through immuno-inflammatory signatures can direct personalised care and help develop potential targets for precision therapy. This observational study characterised immunophenotypic variation associated with COVID-19 severity in T2D. Broad-spectrum immunophenotyping quantified 15 leukocyte populations in circulation from a cohort of 45 hospitalised COVID-19 patients with and without T2D. Lymphocytopenia, of CD8+ lymphocytes, was associated with severe COVID-19 and intensive care admission in non-diabetic and T2D patients. A morphological anomaly of increased monocyte size and monocytopenia of classical monocytes were specifically associated with severe COVID-19 in patients with T2D requiring intensive care. Over-expression of inflammatory markers reminiscent of the type-1 interferon pathway underlaid the immunophenotype associated with T2D. These changes may contribute to severity of COVID-19 in T2D. These findings show characteristics of severe COVID-19 in T2D as well as provide evidence that type-1 interferons may be actionable targets for future studies.

| S-SCDT-EMM-2020-13038 | biostudies-other

Human gut microbiota, COVID-19 patients with mild or severe symptoms.

Project description:Analysis of COVID-19 hospitalized patients, with different kind of symptoms, by human rectal swabs collection and 16S sequencing approach.

2022-09-22 | E-MTAB-12236 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Pulmonary Recovery 12 Months after Non-Severe and Severe COVID-19: The Prospective Swiss COVID-19 Lung Study.

Project description:BackgroundLung function impairment persists in some patients for months after acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Long-term lung function, radiological features, and their association remain to be clarified.ObjectivesWe aimed to prospectively investigate lung function and radiological abnormalities over 12 months after severe and non-severe COVID-19.Methods584 patients were included in the Swiss COVID-19 lung study. We assessed lung function at 3, 6, and 12 months after acute COVID-19 and compared chest computed tomography (CT) imaging to lung functional abnormalities.ResultsAt 12 months, diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCOcorr) was lower after severe COVID-19 compared to non-severe COVID-19 (74.9% vs. 85.2% predicted, p < 0.001). Similarly, minimal oxygen saturation on 6-min walk test and total lung capacity were lower after severe COVID-19 (89.6% vs. 92.2%, p = 0.004, respectively, 88.2% vs. 95.1% predicted, p = 0.011). The difference for forced vital capacity (91.6% vs. 96.3% predicted, p = 0.082) was not statistically significant. Between 3 and 12 months, lung function improved in both groups and differences in DLCO between non-severe and severe COVID-19 patients decreased. In patients with chest CT scans at 12 months, we observed a correlation between radiological abnormalities and reduced lung function. While the overall extent of radiological abnormalities diminished over time, the frequency of mosaic attenuation and curvilinear patterns increased.ConclusionsIn this prospective cohort study, patients who had severe COVID-19 had diminished lung function over the first year compared to those after non-severe COVID-19, albeit with a greater extent of recovery in the severe disease group.

| S-EPMC9932828 | biostudies-literature

Lung transplantation for patients with severe COVID-19

Project description:Lung transplantation can potentially be a life-saving treatment for patients with non-resolving COVID-19-associated respiratory failure. Concerns limiting transplant include recurrence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the allograft, technical challenges imposed by viral-mediated injury to the native lung, and potential risk for allograft infection by pathogens associated with ventilator-associated pneumonia in the native lung. Most importantly, the native lung might recover, resulting in long-term outcomes preferable to transplant. Here, we report results of the first successful lung transplantation procedures in patients with non-resolving COVID-19-associated respiratory failure in the United States. We performed sm-FISH to detect both positive and negative strands of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the explanted lung tissue, extracellular matrix imaging using SHIELD tissue clearance, and single cell RNA-Seq on explant and warm post-mortem lung biopsies from patients who died from severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Lungs from patients with prolonged COVID-19 were free of virus but pathology showed extensive evidence of injury and fibrosis which resembled end-stage pulmonary fibrosis. We used a machine learning approach to project single cell RNA-Seq data from patients with late stage COVID-19 onto a single cell atlas of pulmonary fibrosis, revealing similarities across cell lineages. There was no recurrence of SARS-CoV-2 or pathogens associated with pre-transplant ventilator associated pneumonias following transplantation. Our findings suggest that some patients with severe COVID-19 develop fibrotic lung disease for which lung transplantation is the only option for survival.

2020-10-28 | GSE158127 | GEO

A Prenylated dsRNA Sensor Protects Against Severe COVID-19

Project description:iCLIP data to identify OAS1 binding sites in uninfected and SARS-CoV-2 infected cells

2021-10-07 | GSE182394 | GEO

Single cell transcriptomics of PBMCs during severe COVID-19

Project description:Single-cell RNA-seq analysis of PBMCs during COVID-19

2022-01-27 | GSE192391 | GEO

Therapeutic plasma exchange accelerates immune cell recovery in severe COVID-19.

Project description:BackgroundImmunological disturbances (anti-type I IFN auto-antibody production, cytokine storm, lymphopenia, T-cell hyperactivation and exhaustion) are responsible for disease exacerbation during severe COVID-19 infections.MethodsIn this study, we set up a prospective, randomised clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04751643) and performed therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) in severe COVID-19 patients in order to decrease excess cytokines and auto-antibodies and to assess whether adding TPE to the standard treatment (ST, including corticosteroids plus high-flow rate oxygen) could help restore immune parameters and limit the progression of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).ResultsAs expected, performing TPE decreased the amount of anti-type I IFN auto-antibodies and improved the elimination or limited the production of certain inflammatory mediators (IL-18, IL-7, CCL2, CCL3, etc.) circulating in the blood of COVID-19 patients, compared to ST controls. Interestingly, while TPE did not influence changes in ARDS parameters throughout the protocol, it proved more effective than ST in reversing lymphopenia, preventing T-cell hyperactivation and reducing T-cell exhaustion, notably in a fraction of TPE patients who had an early favourable respiratory outcome. TPE also restored appropriate numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell memory populations and increased the number of circulating virus-specific T cells in these patients.ConclusionOur results therefore indicate that the addition of TPE sessions to the standard treatment accelerates immune cell recovery and contributes to the development of appropriate antiviral T-cell responses in some patients with severe COVID-19 disease.

| S-EPMC11782122 | biostudies-literature

Post-recovery enhancement of anti-variant neutralisation after severe COVID-19.

Project description: Not available

| S-EPMC8820742 | biostudies-literature