India's cost-effective COVID-19 vaccine development initiatives.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Chakraborty C
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7574682 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Nov
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
India's cost-effective COVID-19 vaccine development initiatives.
Chakraborty Chiranjib C Agoramoorthy Govindasamy G
Vaccine 20201020 50
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Project description:The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) eruption has left not only illness and mortality in its wake, but also an overwhelming threat to health policy, human regality, food security, and struggle worldwide. The accessibility and potential distribution of a protective and successful vaccination to communities throughout the world are being considered now not just, as a potential of overcoming these hurdles, but also as an example of human perseverance in the face of catastrophe. A vaccine is the only tool that can efficaciously deal with the COVID-19 catastrophe. Currently, more than 47 vaccines are permitted for emergency use in distinct parts of the world. India will play a significant role in the development of the high-priced Moderna shots and Pfizer Inc, therefore assisting in the immunization of a large portion of the world. Moreover, many of the internationally researched and developed vaccine laboratories seek manufacturing in Indian firms and companies for efficient and low-cost production of vaccines intending to provide to the world, hence, making India, a major role player during these pandemic times. This review highlights the Indian contribution to the globe for COVID-19 management.
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Project description:As the COVID-19 is still growing throughout the globe, a thorough investigation into the specific immunopathology of SARS-CoV-2, its interaction with the host immune system and pathogen evasion mechanism may provide a clear picture of how the pathogen can breach the host immune defenses in elderly patients and patients with comorbid conditions. Such studies will also reveal the underlying mechanism of how children and young patients can withstand the disease better. The study of the immune defense mechanisms and the prolonged immune memory from patients population with convalescent plasma may help in designing a suitable vaccine candidate not only for the current outbreak but also for similar outbreaks in the future. The vital drug candidates, which are being tested as potential vaccines or therapeutics against COVID-19, include live attenuated vaccine, inactivated or killed vaccine, subunit vaccine, antibodies, interferon treatment, repurposing existing drugs, and nucleic acid-based vaccines. Several organizations around the world have fast-tracked the development of a COVID-19 vaccine, and some drugs already went to phase III of clinical trials. Hence, here, we have tried to take a quick glimpse of the development stages of vaccines or therapeutic approaches to treat this deadly disease.
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Project description:In this study, we show that intratumoral injections of the trivalent measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) live attenuated viral vaccine (LAVs) modulate a potent cytotoxic T cells immune response, resulting in tumor growth inhibition and improved survival in syngeneic mouse models of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and colorectal cancer (CRC).
2022-10-27 | PXD031295 | Pride
Project description:In the last two years, the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been a scientific and social challenge worldwide. Vaccines have been the most effective intervention for reducing virus transmission and disease severity. However, virus genetic variants are still circulating among vaccinated individuals with different symptomatology disease cases. Understanding the protective or disease associated mechanisms in vaccinated individuals is relevant to advance in vaccine development and implementation. To address this objective, serum protein profiles were characterized by quantitative proteomics and data analysis algorithms in four cohorts of vaccinated individuals uninfected and SARS-CoV-2 infected with asymptomatic, nonsevere and severe disease symptomatology. The results showed that immunoglobulins were the most overrepresented proteins in infected cohorts when compared to PCR-negative individuals. The immunoglobulin profile varied between different infected cohorts and correlated with protective or disease associated capacity. Overrepresented immunoglobulins in PCR-positive individuals correlated with protective response against SARS-CoV-2, other viruses, and thrombosis in asymptomatic cases. In nonsevere cases, correlates of protection against SARS-CoV-2 and HBV together with risk of myasthenia gravis and allergy and autoantibodies were observed. Patients with severe symptoms presented risk for allergy, chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, and autoantibodies. The analysis of underrepresented immunoglobulins in PCR-positive compared to PCR-negative individuals identified vaccine-induced protective epitopes in various coronavirus proteins including the Spike receptor-binding domain RBD. Non-immunoglobulin proteins were associated with COVID-19 symptoms and biological processes. These results evidence host-associated differences in response to vaccination and the possibility of improving vaccine efficacy against SARS-CoV-2.
2022-10-14 | PXD031969 | Pride
Project description:Oncolytic viral therapy is an emerging new class of immunotherapy that involves selectively infecting and killing tumor cells. Several oncolytic viruses (OVs) have exhibited promising potential for treating human cancer in animal models and clinical trials, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, despite clinical evidence and benefit for patients, the cost-intensive manufacturing and testing nature of oncolytic viral products makes them far out of reach for most US patients. We propose to develop a cost-effective immunovirotherapy approach that could synergize with other therapies to improve the outcomes for patients with advanced HCC. Specifically, we showed that intratumoral administration of low doses of the live attenuated measles, mumps and rueball viruses (MMR) vaccine effectively activates a robust cytotoxic T cells response, leading to tumor regression and extended survival in the syngeneic HCC model. Using transcriptomic approach, we showed that mechanistically MMR exerts its anti-tumor activity by priming innate and adaptive anti-tumor immune responses, leading to immunologically coordinated death of cancer cells. The proposed research can impact cancer patients globally, and our multidisciplinary team is uniquely equipped to execute the proposed studies.
2025-01-08 | GSE199131 | GEO
Project description:The SARS-CoV-2 Delta (B.1.617.2) variant is capable of infecting vaccinated persons. An open question remains as to whether deficiencies in specific vaccine-elicited immune responses result in susceptibility to vaccine breakthrough infection. We investigated 55 vaccine breakthrough infection cases (mostly Delta) in Singapore, comparing them against 86 vaccinated close contacts who did not contract infection. Vaccine breakthrough cases showed lower memory B cell frequencies against SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD). Compared to plasma antibodies, antibodies secreted by memory B cells retained a higher fraction of neutralizing properties against the Delta variant. Inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β and TNF were lower in vaccine breakthrough infections than primary infection of similar disease severity, underscoring the usefulness of vaccination in preventing inflammation. This report highlights the importance of memory B cells against vaccine breakthrough, and suggests that lower memory B cell levels may be a correlate of risk for Delta vaccine breakthrough infection.
| S-SCDT-EMM-2021-15227 | biostudies-other
Project description:Blood collected from adults pre vaccination and post vaccination to study the immune effects of COVID-19 vaccination and how they relate to antibody and T-cell responses.
2023-01-12 | GSE199750 | GEO
Project description:BackgroundCompared with ice-based vaccine carriers (IBVCs), iceless vaccine carrier (ILVC) last-mile delivery could optimize vaccine effectiveness by reducing spoilage. We estimated ILVC-associated spoilage costs averted and cost effectiveness.MethodsIBVC vaccine spoilage costs were estimated for six vaccines. ILVC incremental costs were based on yearly ILVC cost over total doses. Cost effectiveness was estimated via Markov modeling of rotavirus vaccine.ResultsThe spoilage cost using IBVCs was US$9 603 294. Using ILVCs, the incremental cost per vaccine dose was US$0.026, the cost-benefit ratio was 0.28, the number of averted disability-adjusted life years was 0.03 per child and there was a saving of US$0.80 per child vaccinated.ConclusionsILVCs may bring cost savings and health gains compared with IBVCs.
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Project description:BackgroundAustralia implemented an mRNA-based booster vaccination strategy against the COVID-19 Omicron variant in November 2021. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the booster strategy over 180 days.MethodsWe developed a decision-analytic Markov model of COVID-19 to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of a booster strategy (administered 3 months after 2nd dose) in those aged ≥ 16 years, from a healthcare system perspective. The willingness-to-pay threshold was chosen as A$ 50,000.ResultsCompared with 2-doses of COVID-19 vaccines without a booster, Australia's booster strategy would incur an additional cost of A$0.88 billion but save A$1.28 billion in direct medical cost and gain 670 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) in 180 days of its implementation. This suggested the booster strategy is cost-saving, corresponding to a benefit-cost ratio of 1.45 and a net monetary benefit of A$0.43 billion. The strategy would prevent 1.32 million new infections, 65,170 hospitalisations, 6,927 ICU admissions and 1,348 deaths from COVID-19 in 180 days. Further, a universal booster strategy of having all individuals vaccinated with the booster shot immediately once their eligibility is met would have resulted in a gain of 1,599 QALYs, a net monetary benefit of A$1.46 billion and a benefit-cost ratio of 1.95 in 180 days.ConclusionThe COVID-19 booster strategy implemented in Australia is likely to be effective and cost-effective for the Omicron epidemic. Universal booster vaccination would have further improved its effectiveness and cost-effectiveness.
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Project description:Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a newly emerged coronavirus, and has been pandemic since March 2020 and led to many fatalities. Vaccines represent the most efficient means to control and stop the pandemic of COVID-19. However, currently there is no effective COVID-19 vaccine approved to use worldwide except for two human adenovirus vector vaccines, three inactivated vaccines, and one peptide vaccine for early or limited use in China and Russia. Safe and effective vaccines against COVID-19 are in urgent need. Researchers around the world are developing 213 COVID-19 candidate vaccines, among which 44 are in human trials. In this review, we summarize and analyze vaccine progress against SARS-CoV, Middle-East respiratory syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and SARS-CoV-2, including inactivated vaccines, live attenuated vaccines, subunit vaccines, virus like particles, nucleic acid vaccines, and viral vector vaccines. As SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV share the common genus, Betacoronavirus, this review of the major research progress will provide a reference and new insights into the COVID-19 vaccine design and development.
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