Current Multimodality Treatments Against Brain Metastases from Renal Cell Carcinoma.

ABSTRACT: In patients with renal cell carcinoma, brain metastasis is generally one of the poor prognostic factors. However, the recent introduction of molecular target therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitor has remarkably advanced the systemic treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma and prolonged the patients' survival. The pivotal clinical trials of those agents usually excluded patients with brain metastasis. The incidence of brain metastasis has been increasing in the actual clinical setting because of longer control of extra-cranial disease. Brain metastasis subgroup data from the prospective and retrospective series have been gradually accumulated about the risk classification of brain metastasis and the efficacy and safety of those new agents for brain metastasis. While the local treatme

SUBMITTER: Matsui Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7600559 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature