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A Review of GC-Based Analysis of Non-Invasive Biomarkers of Colorectal Cancer and Related Pathways.

ABSTRACT: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in the world. In Europe, it is the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths. With the advent of metabolomics approaches, studies regarding the investigation of metabolite profiles related to CRC have been conducted, aiming to serve as a tool for early diagnosis. In order to provide further information about the current status of this field of research, 21 studies were systematically reviewed, regarding their main findings and analytical aspects. A special focus was given to the employment of matrices obtained non-invasively and the use of gas chromatography as the analytical platform. The relationship between the reported volatile and non-volatile biomarkers and CRC-related metabolic alterations was also explored, demonstrating that many of these metabolites are connected with biochemical pathways proven to be involved in carcinogenesis. The most commonly reported CRC indicators were hydrocarbons, aldehydes, amino acids and short-chain fatty acids. These potential biomarkers can be associated with both human and bacterial pathways and the analysis based on such species has the potential to be applied in the clinical practice as a low-cost screening method.

SUBMITTER: Monedeiro F

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7601558 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A Review of GC-Based Analysis of Non-Invasive Biomarkers of Colorectal Cancer and Related Pathways.

Monedeiro Fernanda F Monedeiro-Milanowski Maciej M Ligor Tomasz T Buszewski Bogusław B

Journal of clinical medicine 20201001 10

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in the world. In Europe, it is the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths. With the advent of metabolomics approaches, studies regarding the investigation of metabolite profiles related to CRC have been conducted, aiming to serve as a tool for early diagnosis. In order to provide further information about the current status of this field of research, 21 studies were systematically reviewed, regarding their main findin ...[more]

PMID: 33019642

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Project description:BackgroundMicrosatellite instability (MSI) status is a strong predictor of response to immunotherapy of colorectal cancer. Radiogenomic approaches promise the ability to gain insight into the underlying tumor biology using non-invasive routine clinical images. This study investigates the association between tumor morphology and the status of MSI versus microsatellite stability (MSS), validating a novel radiomic signature on an external multicenter cohort.MethodsPreoperative computed tomography scans with matched MSI status were retrospectively collected for 243 colorectal cancer patients from three hospitals: Seoul National University Hospital (SNUH); Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI); and Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan Italy (INT). Radiologists delineated primary tumors in each scan, from which radiomic features were extracted. Machine learning models trained on SNUH data to identify MSI tumors underwent external validation using NKI and INT images. Performances were compared in terms of area under the receiving operating curve (AUROC).ResultsWe identified a radiomic signature comprising seven radiomic features that were predictive of tumors with MSS or MSI (AUROC 0.69, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.54-0.84, p = 0.018). Integrating radiomic and clinical data into an algorithm improved predictive performance to an AUROC of 0.78 (95% CI 0.60-0.91, p = 0.002) and enhanced the reliability of the predictions.ConclusionDifferences in the radiomic morphological phenotype between tumors MSS or MSI could be detected using radiogenomic approaches. Future research involving large-scale multicenter prospective studies that combine various diagnostic data is necessary to refine and validate more robust, potentially tumor-agnostic MSI radiogenomic models.Relevance statementNoninvasive radiomic signatures derived from computed tomography scans can predict MSI in colorectal cancer, potentially augmenting traditional biopsy-based methods and enhancing personalized treatment strategies.Key pointsNoninvasive CT-based radiomics predicted MSI in colorectal cancer, enhancing stratification. A seven-feature radiomic signature differentiated tumors with MSI from those with MSS in multicenter cohorts. Integrating radiomic and clinical data improved the algorithm's predictive performance.

Project description:IntroductionCancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) can have detrimental effects on quality of life, even among patients with non-central nervous system (CNS) cancers. Several studies have been conducted to explore different markers associated with CRCI to understand its pathobiology. It is proposed that the underlying mechanisms of CRCI are related to a cascade of physiological adaptive events in response to cancer and/or treatment. Hence, peripheral blood would be a logical source to observe and identify these physiological events. This paper outlines the protocol for a scoping review being conducted to summarise the extant literature regarding blood-based biomarkers of CRCI among patients with non-CNS cancer.Methods/analysisMethods will be informed by the updated guidelines of Arksey and O'Malley. The systematic search for literature will include electronic databases, handsearching of key journals and reference lists, forward citation tracking and consultation with content experts. Study selection will be confirmed by duplicate review and calculation of inter-rater reliability. Data to be charted will include study design, sample size, cancer and treatment characteristics, demographic characteristics, cognitive variable/s and biomarkers assessed, associations between cognitive functioning and biomarkers (including statistics used), and rigour in biomarker sample collection and processing. Results will be presented through: (1) a descriptive numerical summary of studies, including a flow diagram based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses statement, (2) a list of blood-based biomarkers associated with CRCI and (3) a narrative overview developed through collaboration among the research team and consultation with content experts.DisseminationThe findings of this review will highlight current directions and gaps in the current body of evidence that may lead to improved rigour in future CRCI investigations. The dissemination of this work will be facilitated through the involvement of clinicians and researchers on the research team, an external consultation process and the presentation of the results through scholarly publication and presentation.

Dataset Information

A Review of GC-Based Analysis of Non-Invasive Biomarkers of Colorectal Cancer and Related Pathways.

Publications

A Review of GC-Based Analysis of Non-Invasive Biomarkers of Colorectal Cancer and Related Pathways.

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