Impaired nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺ ) metabolism in diabetes and diabetic tissues: Implications for nicotinamide-related compound treatment.

ABSTRACT: One of the biochemical abnormalities found in diabetic tissues is a decrease in the cytosolic oxidized to reduced forms of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide ratio (NAD⁺ /NADH also known as pseudohypoxia) caused by oxidation of excessive substrates (glucose through the polyol pathway, free fatty acids and lactate). Subsequently, a decline in NAD⁺ levels as a result of the activation of poly adenine nucleotide diphosphate-ribose polymerase (mainly in type 1 diabetes) or the inhibition of adenine nucleotide monophosphate-activated protein kinase (in type 2 diabetes). Thus, replenishment of NAD⁺ levels by nicotinamide-related compounds could be beneficial. However, these compounds also increase nicotinamide catabolites that cause oxidative stress. This is p

SUBMITTER: Fan L 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7610120 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature