Ambient ultraviolet radiation and major salivary gland cancer in the United States.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Mai ZM
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7648631 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Dec
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Ambient ultraviolet radiation and major salivary gland cancer in the United States.
Mai Zhi-Ming ZM Sargen Michael R MR Curtis Rochelle E RE Pfeiffer Ruth M RM Tucker Margaret A MA Cahoon Elizabeth K EK
Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 20200401 6
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Project description:BackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most commonly occurring type of primary liver cancer, has been increasing in incidence worldwide. Vitamin D, acquired from sunlight exposure, diet, and dietary supplements, has been hypothesized to impact hepatocarcinogenesis. However, previous epidemiologic studies examining the associations between dietary and serum vitamin D reported mixed results. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between ambient ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure and HCC risk in the U.S.MethodsThe Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database provided information on HCC cases diagnosed between 2000 and 2014 from 16 population-based cancer registries across the U.S. Ambient UV exposure was estimated by linking the SEER county with a spatiotemporal UV exposure model using a geographic information system. Poisson regression with robust variance estimation was used to calculate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between ambient UV exposure per interquartile range (IQR) increase (32.4 mW/m2) and HCC risk adjusting for age at diagnosis, sex, race, year of diagnosis, SEER registry, and county-level information on prevalence of health conditions, lifestyle, socioeconomic, and environmental factors.ResultsHigher levels of ambient UV exposure were associated with statistically significant lower HCC risk (n = 56,245 cases; adjusted IRR per IQR increase: 0.83, 95% CI 0.77, 0.90; p < 0.01). A statistically significant inverse association between ambient UV and HCC risk was observed among males (p for interaction = 0.01) and whites (p for interaction = 0.01).ConclusionsHigher ambient UV exposure was associated with a decreased risk of HCC in the U.S. UV exposure may be a potential modifiable risk factor for HCC that should be explored in future research.
| S-EPMC5562984 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThere are few modifiable risk factors for Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), the most common cancer among young adults in Western populations. Some studies have found a reduced risk with exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR), but findings have been inconsistent and limited to HL as a group or the most common subtypes.MethodsWe evaluated UVR and incidence of HL subtypes using data from 15 population-based cancer registries in the United States from 2001 to 2010 (n=20 021). Ground-based ambient UVR estimates were linked to county of diagnosis. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for UVR quintiles using Poisson regression models adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, diagnosis year, and registry.ResultsHodgkin lymphoma incidence was lower in the highest UVR quintile for nodular sclerosis (IRR=0.84, 95% CI=0.75-0.96, P-trend<0.01), mixed cellularity/lymphocyte-depleted (IRR=0.66, 95% CI=0.51-0.86, P-trend=0.11), lymphocyte-rich (IRR=0.71, 95% CI=0.57-0.88, P-trend<0.01), and nodular lymphocyte predominant HL (IRR=0.74, 95% CI=0.56-0.97, P-trend<0.01), but 'not otherwise specified' HL (IRR=1.19, 95% CI=0.96-1.47, P-trend=0.11).ConclusionsThis is the largest study of UVR and HL subtypes covering a wide range of UVR levels; however, we lack information on personal UVR and other individual risk factors. These findings support an inverse association between UVR and HL.
| S-EPMC4984855 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Sebaceous carcinoma (SC) is an aggressive skin tumor. Although ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is an important risk factor for some skin cancer types, no population-level study has evaluated for an association between UVR and SC risk. Herein, we examined satellite-based ambient UVR in relation to SC incidence using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 18 cancer registry data (2000-2016). There were 3503 microscopically confirmed cases of SC diagnosed during the study period. For non-Hispanic whites, there was an association between increasing ambient UVR and SC risk (incidence rate ratio [per UVR quartile] = 1.15, 95% confidence interval = 1.11 to 1.19; two-sided P < .001) including among individuals with and without putative Muir-Torre syndrome. In contrast, there was no association between ambient UVR and SC risk for other race and ethnicities. Our findings support a role for UVR in SC tumorigenesis, which suggests that photoprotection may reduce SC risk, particularly for high-risk populations (eg, Muir-Torre syndrome).
| S-EPMC7190206 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This study aimed to compare survival of patients with advanced major salivary gland cancers treated with adjuvant chemoradiation therapy (CRT) versus radiotherapy (RT) alone, after surgical resection. The Taiwan Cancer Registry database was used to identify patients (2009-2017) with advanced (T3-4 or nodal positivity) major salivary gland cancers, treated post-surgically with adjuvant CRT or RT alone. Overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) evaluated using Kaplan-Meier. Stratified analyses conducted on clinicopathological features. A total of 395 patients were analyzed: 178 (45.1%) received adjuvant CRT; 217 (54.9%) received adjuvant RT alone. Median radiation dose was 66 Gy in 33 fractions. Cisplatin was most common chemotherapy regimen. After a median follow-up of 3.37 years, there was no significant difference in OS or DSS (p = 0.1354 and 0.3361, respectively) between groups. Adding chemotherapy to adjuvant RT was not significantly associated with improved OS (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.94; 95% CI 0.72-1.23) and DSS (aHR 0.96; 95% CI 0.72-1.28). Stratified analysis of clinicopathological features found no significant advantages for improved OS or DSS from adding chemotherapy to adjuvant RT. Thus, in this population database, the use of chemotherapy provided limited survival benefits in advanced major salivary gland cancers after surgical resection.
| S-EPMC9718855 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Ecologic studies have reported that solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure is associated with cancer; however, little evidence is available from prospective studies. We aimed to assess the association between an objective measure of ambient UVR exposure and risk of total and site-specific cancer in a large, regionally diverse cohort [450,934 white, non-Hispanic subjects (50-71 years) in the prospective National Institutes of Health (NIH)-AARP Diet and Health Study] after accounting for individual-level confounding risk factors. Estimated erythemal UVR exposure from satellite Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) data from NASA was linked to the US Census Bureau 2000 census tract (centroid) of baseline residence for each subject. We used Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for multiple potential confounders to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for quartiles of UVR exposure. Restricted cubic splines examined nonlinear relationships. Over 9 years of follow-up, UVR exposure was inversely associated with total cancer risk (N = 75,917; highest versus lowest quartile; HR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.95-0.99; p-trend < 0.001). In site-specific cancer analyses, UVR exposure was associated with increased melanoma risk (highest versus lowest quartile; HR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.13-1.32; p-trend < 0.001) and decreased risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (HR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.74-0.92) and colon (HR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.82-0.96), squamous cell lung (HR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.75-0.98), pleural (HR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.38-0.84), prostate (HR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.88-0.95), kidney (HR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.73-0.94) and bladder (HR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.81-0.96) cancers (all p-trend < 0.05). We also found nonlinear associations for some cancer sites, including the thyroid and pancreas. Our results add to mounting evidence for the influential role of UVR exposure on cancer.
| S-EPMC3402606 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundUltraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure is the primary risk factor for melanoma, although the relationship is complex. Compared with radiation from UVB wavelengths, UVA makes up a majority of the surface solar UVR, penetrates the skin more deeply, is the principal range emitted by tanning beds, and is less filtered by sunscreens and window glass. Few studies have examined the relationship between ambient UVA and UVB and melanoma risk.MethodsIncidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated for the association between satellite-based ambient (based on residential history) UVA, UVB, and melanoma in non-Hispanic White participants using data from the United States Radiologic Technologists study, a large, nationwide prospective cohort. Associations of UVA and UVB quartile (Q) were examined in mutually adjusted and stratified models, additionally adjusted for demographic and sun sensitivity characteristics.ResultsThere were 837 incident melanoma cases among 62 785 participants. Incidence of melanoma was statistically significantly increased for the highest quartile of childhood UVA exposure after adjustment for UVB (IRR = 2.82; 95% CI = 1.46 to 5.44) but not for higher childhood UVB after adjustment for UVA. Childhood UVA was associated with increased melanoma risk within strata of UVB. Childhood UVB was not associated with melanoma after adjustment for UVA, but there was some evidence of lower risk with increased lifetime ambient UVB after UVA adjustment.ConclusionsMelanoma risk was elevated among participants living in locations with high annual childhood and lifetime UVA after controlling for UVB. With confirmation, these findings support increased protection from solar UVA for melanoma prevention.
| S-EPMC11630504 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Although there are few environmental risk factors for breast cancer, some epidemiologic studies found that exposure to solar UV radiation (UVR) may lower risk. Prior epidemiologic studies are limited by narrow ambient UVR ranges and lack lifetime exposure assessment. To address these issues, we studied a cohort with residences representing a wide range of ambient UVR. Using the nationwide U.S. Radiologic Technologists study (USRT), we examined the association between breast cancer risk and UVR based on ambient UVR, time outdoors, a combined variable of ambient UVR and time outdoors (combined UVR), and sun susceptibility factors. Participants reported location of residence and hours spent outdoors during five age periods. Ambient UVR was derived by linking satellite-based annual UVR estimates to self-reported residences. Lifetime values were calculated by averaging these measures accounting for years spent in that location. We examined the risk of breast cancer among 36,725 participants (n=716 cases) from baseline questionnaire completion (2003-2005) through 2012-2013 using Cox proportional hazards models. Breast cancer risk was unrelated to ambient UVR (HR for lifetime 5th vs 1st quintile=1.22, 95% CI: 0.95-1.56, p-trend=0.36), time outdoors (HR for lifetime 5th vs 1st quintile=0.87, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.68-1.10, p-trend=0.46), or combined UVR (HR lifetime 5th vs 1st quintile =0.85, 95% CI: 0.67-1.08, p-trend=0.46). Breast cancer risk was not associated with skin complexion, eye or hair color, or sunburn history. This study does not support the hypothesis that UVR exposure lowers breast cancer risk.
| S-EPMC5071147 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo delineate the distribution of perineural invasion (PNI), evaluate its impact on patient survival, and identify optimal criteria for initiating adjuvant radiation therapy (RT) in cases of PNI associated with salivary gland cancer (SGC).MethodsThis retrospective study categorized enrolled patients into three groups based on PNI status (none, minor, or major), defined by the extent of nerve involvement. The influence of PNI on overall survival and locoregional control was assessed using a Cox proportional hazards model.ResultsA total of 555 patients were incorporated into the study. Logistic regression analysis indicated that tumor stage, neck stage, histological grade, and pathological type were independently linked to the occurrence of PNI. In the Cox model assessing overall survival, patients exhibiting minor nerve PNI demonstrated a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.78 [95% CI: 1.14-2.47] in comparison to those without PNI, a difference that was statistically significant (p<0.001). Conversely, the variation in HR between patients with major nerve PNI and those with minor nerve PNI was not statistically significant (p=0.673). In the Cox model for locoregional control, patients with minor and major nerve PNI exhibited HRs of 1.64 [95% CI: 1.17-2.78] and 1.65 [95% CI: 1.03-2.90], respectively, when compared to those without PNI. Subgroup analyses revealed that the incorporation of chemotherapy into radiotherapy did not significantly modify the risk of mortality or locoregional recurrence in comparison to patients treated with radiotherapy alone, irrespective of PNI classification.ConclusionBoth minor and major nerve PNI exerting comparable influences on prognosis, the adjunctive use of chemotherapy in combination with RT did not yield improvements in overall survival or locoregional control, irrespective of PNI status.
| S-EPMC11782203 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeTo report clinical outcomes in terms of disease control and toxicity in patients with major salivary gland cancers (SGCs) treated with proton beam therapy.Materials and methodsClinical and dosimetric characteristics of patients with SGCs treated from August 2011 to February 2020 on an observational, prospective, single-institution protocol were abstracted. Local control and overall survival were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method. During radiation, weekly assessments of toxicity were obtained, and for patients with ≥ 90 days of follow-up, late toxicity was assessed.ResultsSeventy-two patients were identified. Median age was 54 years (range, 23-87 years). Sixty-three patients (88%) received postoperative therapy, and nine patients (12%) were treated definitively. Twenty-six patients (36%) received concurrent chemotherapy. Nine patients (12%) had received prior radiation. All (99%) but one patient received unilateral treatment with a median dose of 64 GyRBE (relative biological effectiveness) (interquartile range [IQR], 60-66), and 53 patients (74%) received intensity-modulated proton therapy with either single-field or multifield optimization. The median follow-up time was 30 months. Two-year local control and overall survival rates were 96% (95% confidence interval [CI] 85%-99%) and 89% (95% CI 76%-95%], respectively. Radiation dermatitis was the predominant grade-3 toxicity (seen in 21% [n = 15] of the patients), and grade ≥ 2 mucositis was rare (14%; n = 10 patients). No late-grade ≥ 3 toxicities were reported.ConclusionProton beam therapy for treatment of major SGCs manifests in low rates of acute mucosal toxicity. In addition, the current data suggest a high rate of local control and minimal late toxicity.
| S-EPMC8270094 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Primary major salivary gland carcinomas (SGCs) present with diverse histological types that are known to be largely radioresistant with a high tendency to develop distant metastasis (DM). Photon-based radiotherapy (RT) is limited in terms of its therapeutic effect and toxicities. In view of the physical and biological advantages of intensity-modulated proton and/or carbon-ion radiation therapy, we aimed to evaluate the short-term therapeutic effect and toxicities in patients with major SGCs treated with this form of radiation therapy. Between August 2015 and November 2019, a total of 55 consecutive and non-selected major SGC patients who received particle RT at the Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center (SPHIC) were retrospectively analyzed. The 2-year overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), local-regional recurrence-free survival (LRRFS), and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) rates, as well as prognostic factors were analyzed. Additionally, acute and late toxicities were also analyzed. With a median follow-up time of 24 (range, 6-57) months, the 2-year OS, PFS, LRRFS, and DMFS rates were 91.6%, 78.6%, 94.2%, and 83.9%, respectively. At the time of this analysis, four patients had developed local or regional recurrence, and seven additional patients had developed DM. Three patients had died due to disease progression, and another patient with recurrence experienced a late Grade 5 event (hemorrhage) at 9 months after re-irradiation with carbon ion and subsequently died. Otherwise, none of the patients had grade 3 or higher treatment-induced acute or late adverse effects except one who developed grade 3 acute mucositis. Overall, intensity-modulated proton and/or carbon-ion radiation therapy provided satisfactory therapeutic effectiveness in our major SGCs patients with a low incidence of acute and late toxicities.
| S-EPMC9761122 | biostudies-literature