Dataset Information

Differences in sarcopenia prevalence between upper-body and lower-body based EWGSOP2 muscle strength criteria: the Tromso study 2015-2016.

ABSTRACT:

Background

The European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2) recommends grip strength and chair stand tests to be used as primary defining measures. It is unclear how either test affects prevalence estimates.

Methods

This cross-sectional study involved 3498 community-dwelling participants (40-84 years) from the 7th Tromsø Study survey (2015-2016). We used grip strength, five-repetition chair stands, four-meter Walk Speed Test, Timed-Up-and-Go (TUG) and Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry measurements. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression models and ROC-curves.

Results

Probable and confirmed sarcopenia prevalence was 1.3 and 4.4% based on grip strength and chair stands, respectively. There was very low agreement between grip strength and chair stand cut-offs (κ = 0.07), with only 4.3% of participants defined as having probable sarcopenia overlapping in the two criteria. Participants with grip strength-based sarcopenia had lower mean height, weight, waist circumference, and appendicular lean mass relative to body height (ALM_height²) than non-sarcopenic participants (all p < 0.001), after adjusting for multiple covariates. Conversely, participants with chair stand-based sarcopenia had similar height, higher weight, waist circumference and body fat% compared to non-sarcopenic participants (all p < 0.05). Area-under-curves (AUCs) for TUG-time were significantly larger when using chair stand instead of grip strength cut-offs (0.86, 95% CI 0.84-0.89 vs. 0.75, 95% CI 0.69-0.83).

Conclusions

Using chair stands instead of grip strength more than doubled probable sarcopenia prevalence across all ages. The two measures defined individuals of contradictory anthropometrics, body composition, and dissimilar physical function to have probable sarcopenia. Researchers should further evaluate the consequences of using different strength measures in the EWGSOP2 definition to classify sarcopenia.

SUBMITTER: Johansson J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7654146 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Differences in sarcopenia prevalence between upper-body and lower-body based EWGSOP2 muscle strength criteria: the Tromsø study 2015-2016.

Johansson Jonas J Strand Bjørn Heine BH Morseth Bente B Hopstock Laila Arnesdatter LA Grimsgaard Sameline S

BMC geriatrics 20201110 1

<h4>Background</h4>The European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2) recommends grip strength and chair stand tests to be used as primary defining measures. It is unclear how either test affects prevalence estimates.<h4>Methods</h4>This cross-sectional study involved 3498 community-dwelling participants (40-84 years) from the 7th Tromsø Study survey (2015-2016). We used grip strength, five-repetition chair stands, four-meter Walk Speed Test, Timed-Up-and-Go (TUG) and Dual-Energy ...[more]

PMID: 33172391

Similar Datasets

Project description:BackgroundSarcopenia is an age-related muscle disease primarily characterized by reductions in muscle strength that increases the risk of falls, fractures, cognitive impairment, and mortality. Exercise is currently preferred in prevention and treatment, but it is unknown how different habitual physical activity and sedentary behaviour patterns associate with sarcopenia status. The purpose of the present study was to compare associations of these patterns with probable sarcopenia in older adults.MethodsIn 3653 community-dwelling participants (51% women) aged 60-84 years from the seventh survey of the Tromsø Study, we assessed objective physical activity and sedentary behaviour collected over 8 days (ActiGraph wGT3X-BT Accelerometer), grip strength (Jamar+ Digital Dynamometer), five-repetition chair stands, and self-reported disease. We combined tertiles of sedentary (SED) time and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) to create nine different activity profiles (SEDHIGH , SEDMOD , and SEDLOW combined with MVPAHIGH , MVPAMOD , or MVPALOW ). Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine how these profiles associated with probable sarcopenia, defined by low handgrip strength and/or slow chair stands time according to the revised European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People criteria.ResultsProbable sarcopenia was present in 227 (6.2%) participants. Men with probable sarcopenia had on average 35.3 min more SED time and 20 min less MVPA compared with participants without sarcopenia (P < 0.01 for all), while women with probable sarcopenia only had 18 min less MVPA (P < 0.001). Compared with the SEDHIGH -MVPALOW reference activity profile (714.2 min SED/day and 10.4 min MVPA/day), the SEDHIGH -MVPAMOD profile (697.1 min SED/day and 31.5 min MVPA/day) had significantly lower odds ratio (OR) for probable sarcopenia (OR 0.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.08-0.35), while the SEDLOW -MVPALOW profile (482.9 min SED/day and 11.0 min MVPA/day) did not (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.47-1.11). These findings were not influenced by age, sex, smoking, or self-reported diseases, and higher levels of MVPA did not further decrease ORs for probable sarcopenia.ConclusionsOlder adults who achieve moderate amounts of MVPA have reduced odds for probable sarcopenia, even when they have high sedentary time. Those with low sedentary time did not have reduced odds for probable sarcopenia when they also had low amounts of MVPA. These findings need confirmation in longitudinal studies but suggest that interventions for preventing sarcopenia should prioritize increasing MVPA over reducing sedentary behaviour.

Project description:IntroductionPeople with tinnitus are likely to have other co-occurring disorders that should be considered when diagnosing and understanding tinnitus as a health problem. The association between tinnitus and cardiovascular health in the general population is, however, unclear. This study aimed to examine whether tinnitus is associated with the prevalence of hypertension, myocardial infarction or stroke, in the general adult population.MethodsWe used data from the seventh survey of the Tromsø Study, a comprehensive population-based health study carried out in 2015-2016. All inhabitants aged ≥40 years in the municipality of Tromsø, Norway, (n=32 591) were invited, of which 21 083 individuals (65%), aged 40-99, participated. Poisson regression was used to analyse the relationships between tinnitus and cardiovascular disease, while adjusting for relevant covariates. We used three separate tinnitus variables as exposures in analyses: (1) 'tinnitus status', measured with the question 'During the last 12 months, have you experienced ringing in your ears lasting more than five min?'; (2) 'tinnitus symptom intensity', generated as a function of tinnitus frequentness and tinnitus bother; and (3) 'tinnitus bother', analysed only among participants with tinnitus. Hypertension (measured blood pressure and/or self-reported use of antihypertensives), and self-reported myocardial infarction and stroke were the outcomes of analyses.ResultsAnalyses of the complete sample (n=17 288, 51.2% women), in fully adjusted models, revealed non-significant and very weak associations between tinnitus status and all three cardiovascular outcomes (prevalence ratios (PRs): 1.04-1.11), while for tinnitus symptom intensity, we found significant positive associations between low-intensity tinnitus and hypertension (PR: 1.08, 95% CI: (1.01 to 1.16) and myocardial infarction (PR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.81). Among participants with tinnitus (n=3570), there were no associations between tinnitus bother and cardiovascular outcomes.ConclusionsResults from the present study indicate that there is a weak association between tinnitus and cardiovascular disease and that tinnitus should be taken seriously even at low intensities.

Project description:BackgroundWidely adopted criteria suggest using either low handgrip strength or poor chair stand performance to identify probable sarcopenia. However, there are limited direct comparisons of these measures in relation to important clinical endpoints. We aimed to compare associations between these two measures of probable sarcopenia and all-cause mortality.MethodsAnalyses included 7838 community-dwelling participants (55% women) aged 40-84 years from the seventh survey of the Tromsø Study (2015-2016), with handgrip strength assessed using a Jamar + Digital Dynamometer and a five-repetition chair stand test (5-CST) also undertaken. We generated sex-specific T-scores and categorised these as "not low", "low", and "very low" handgrip strength or 5-CST performance. Cox Proportional Hazard regression models were used to investigate associations between these two categorised performance scores and time to death (up to November 2020 ascertained from the Norwegian Cause of Death registry), adjusted for potential confounders including lifestyle factors and specific diseases.ResultsA total of 233 deaths occurred (median follow-up 4.7 years) with 1- and 5-year mortality rates at 3.1 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.1, 4.6) and 6.3 (95% CI 5.5, 7.2) per 1000 person-years, respectively. There was poor agreement between the handgrip strength and 5-CST categories for men (Cohen's kappa [κ] = 0.19) or women (κ = 0.20). Fully adjusted models including handgrip strength and 5-CST performance mutually adjusted for each other, showed higher mortality rates among participants with low (hazard ratio [HR] 1.22, 95% CI 0.87, 1.71) and very low (HR 1.68, 95% CI 1.02, 2.75) handgrip strength compared with the not low category. Similar associations, although stronger, were seen for low (HR 1.88, 95% CI 1.38, 2.56) and very low (HR 2.64, 95% CI 1.73, 4.03) 5-CST performance compared with the not low category.ConclusionsWe found poor agreement between T-score categories for handgrip strength and 5-CST performance and independent associations with mortality. Our findings suggest that these tests identify different people at risk when case-finding probable sarcopenia. As discussions on an international consensus for sarcopenia definitions proceed, testing both handgrip strength and chair stand performance should be recommended rather than viewing these as interchangeable assessments.

Project description:Tinnitus and pain have many similarities. Both are subjective sensations that may turn chronic, they are often accompanied by hypersensitivity in their respective sensory system, and overlapping brain changes have been observed. Since no population study has examined the empirical association between chronic pain and tinnitus, the present study aimed to explore the relationship in a general adult population. We used data from the seventh survey of the Tromsø Study (2015-2016). Participants (aged ≥40) responded to questions about pain and tinnitus. Using multiple logistic regression, we analysed the adjusted relationship between chronic pain and tinnitus in the full sample (n = 19,039), using several tinnitus definitions ranging from tinnitus >5 minutes within the past 12 months (broadest definition) to at least weekly and highly bothersome tinnitus (strictest definition). We also analysed relationships between number of body regions with pain, pain intensity and bothering, and tinnitus >5 minutes, among participants with chronic pain (n = 11,589). We found an association between chronic pain and tinnitus that was present irrespective of tinnitus definition, but was stronger with more bothersome tinnitus. With chronic pain, the odds of tinnitus >5 minutes was 64% higher, while odds of at least weekly, highly bothersome tinnitus was 144% higher than without chronic pain. Among participants with chronic pain, the number of pain regions was the pain variable most strongly associated with tinnitus >5 minutes (OR = 1.17 (95% CI: 1.14-1.20) for an increase of one region), whereas the other pain variables (intensity and bothering) showed weaker associations. All chronic pain variables had significant interactions with age, with the strongest associations for the youngest individuals (40-54 years). Our findings support the existence of an association between chronic pain and tinnitus and emphasises the importance of examining for comorbid pain in tinnitus patients to provide a more comprehensive treatment of tinnitus.

Project description:IntroductionElevated serum triglyceride concentrations increase the risk of developing atherosclerosis, the leading cause of cardiovascular disease. Postprandial triglyceride concentrations have shown to be a stronger predictor of cardiovascular disease compared to fasting triglycerides. It is therefore clinically relevant to study patterns of postprandial triglyceride concentrations in a general adult population.AimsThe aim of this cross-sectional analysis was to examine postprandial triglyceride concentrations in women and men, and the association with age, body mass index and menopausal status.MethodsNon-fasting blood samples from 20,963 women and men aged 40 years and older, attending the seventh survey of the Tromsø Study (2015-2016), were analyzed for postprandial triglyceride concentrations using descriptive statistics and linear regression models. Self-reported time since last meal before blood sampling was categorized into 1-h intervals with 7+ hours considered fasting.ResultsMen had higher triglyceride concentrations compared to women. The pattern of postprandial triglyceride concentrations differed between the sexes. In women, the highest triglyceride concentration (19% higher compared to fasting level, p < 0.001) was found 3-4 h postprandially compared to 1-3 h in men (30% higher compared to fasting level, p < 0.001). In women, all subgroups of age and BMI had higher triglyceride concentrations than the reference group (age 40-49 years and BMI < 25 kg/m2), but no linear trend for age was observed. In men, triglyceride concentrations were inversely associated with age. Body mass index was positively associated with triglyceride concentration in both women (p < 0.001) and men (p < 0.001), although this association was somewhat modified by age in women. Postmenopausal women had significantly higher triglyceride concentrations compared to premenopausal women (p < 0.05).ConclusionPostprandial triglyceride concentrations differed in groups of sex, age, body mass index, and menopausal status.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Sarcopenia and osteoporosis reduce life quality and worsen prognosis in patients with liver cirrhosis (LC). When these two complications coexist, a diagnosis of osteosarcopenia is made. We aimed to investigate the actual situations of sarcopenia, osteoporosis, osteosarcopenia, and vertebral fracture, and to clarify the relationship among these events in patients with LC. METHODS:We describe a cross-sectional study of 142 patients with LC. Sarcopenia was defined according to the Japan Society of Hepatology (JSH) criteria, Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) criteria, and European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2) criteria. The skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) and handgrip strength were assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis and a digital grip strength dynamometer, respectively. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, and vertebral fracture was evaluated using spinal lateral X-rays. The severity of LC was assessed using the Child-Pugh classification. RESULTS:Among the 142 patients, the prevalence of sarcopenia was 33.8% (48/142) according to the JSH and AWGS criteria and 28.2% (40/142) according to the EWGSOP2 criteria. The number of patients with osteoporosis, osteosarcopenia, and vertebral fracture was 49 (34.5%), 31 (21.8%), and 41 (28.9%), respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed a close association between sarcopenia and osteoporosis. Osteoporosis was independently associated with sarcopenia [odds ratio (OR) = 3.923, P = 0.010]. Conversely, sarcopenia was independently associated with osteoporosis (OR = 5.722, P < 0.001). Vertebral fracture occurred most frequently in patients with osteosarcopenia (19/31; 61.3%) and least frequently in those without both sarcopenia and osteoporosis (12/76; 15.8%). The SMI and handgrip strength values were significantly correlated with the BMD of the lumbar spine (r = 0.55 and 0.51, respectively; P < 0.001 for both), femoral neck, (r = 0.67 and 0.62, respectively; P < 0.001 for both), and total hip (r = 0.67 and 0.61, respectively; P < 0.001 for both). CONCLUSIONS:Sarcopenia, osteoporosis, osteosarcopenia, and vertebral fracture were highly prevalent and closely associated with one another in patients with LC. Specifically, patients with osteosarcopenia had the highest risk of vertebral fractures. Early diagnosis of these complications is essential for treatment intervention.

Project description:BackgroundIn 2018, the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2) updated the original definition of sarcopenia, establishing new criteria to be used globally. Early diagnosis of sarcopenia in nursing home residents and the identification of contributing factors would target interventions to reduce the incidence of malnutrition, social isolation, functional decline, hospitalization and mortality.AimVerify the prevalence and the degree of severity of sarcopenia according to the new EWSGOP2 criteria and to analyse its associated factors in residents living in nursing homes in Central Catalonia (Spain).DesignA cross-sectional multicenter study was conducted in 4 nursing homes. SARC-F test was applied as the initial screening, muscle strength was measured by a dynamometer, skeletal muscle mass by bioimpedance analysis and physical performance by Gait Speed. Four categories were used: total probable sarcopenia, probable sarcopenia, confirmed sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia.ResultsAmong the total sample of 104 nursing home residents (mean age 84.6, ± 7.8; median 86, IQR 110), 84.6% were women and 85 (81.7%) (95% confidence interval [CI] 73.0-88.0) had total probable sarcopenia, 63 (60.5%) had probable sarcopenia, 19 (18.3%) had confirmed sarcopenia and 7 (6.7%) had severe sarcopenia. In the bivariate analysis, obesity was negatively associated and total time in sedentary behavior positively associated with all sarcopenia categories. In addition, malnutrition and urinary continence were positively associated with total and probable sarcopenia. Urinary incontinence was a positive associated factor of total and probable sarcopenia. In the multivariate analysis, obesity represented a negative associated factor: OR = 0.13 (0.03 - 0.57), p = 0.007 and OR = 0.14 (0.03 - 0.60), p = 0.008 with total and probable sarcopenia, respectively, adjusted by urinary incontinence status. For confirmed sarcopenia, obesity also represented a negative associated factor OR = 0.06 (0.01 - 0.99), p = 0.049 and the total time in sedentary behavior a positive associated factor OR = 1.10 (1.00- 1.20), p = 0.040.ConclusionsAccording the EWGSOP2 criteria, high prevalence of sarcopenia was found in institutionalized older people, ranging from 6.7 to 81.7% depending on the category. Malnutrition, urinary incontinence and total time in sedentary behavior were associated with sarcopenia, whilst obesity represented a protective factor in this population.