Lung transplantation during COVID-19 outbreak in mainland China.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Ju CR
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7656330 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Oct
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Lung transplantation during COVID-19 outbreak in mainland China.
Ju Chun-Rong CR Guan Wei-Jie WJ He Jian-Xing JX
Journal of thoracic disease 20201001 10
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Project description:BackgroundHuman migration is one of the driving forces for amplifying localized infectious disease outbreaks into widespread epidemics. During the outbreak of COVID-19 in China, the travels of the population from Wuhan have furthered the spread of the virus as the period coincided with the world's largest population movement to celebrate the Chinese New Year.MethodsWe have collected and made public an anonymous and aggregated mobility dataset extracted from mobile phones at the national level, describing the outflows of population travel from Wuhan. We evaluated the correlation between population movements and the virus spread by the dates when the number of diagnosed cases was documented.ResultsFrom Jan 1 to Jan 22 of 2020, a total of 20.2 million movements of at-risk population occurred from Wuhan to other regions in China. A large proportion of these movements occurred within Hubei province (84.5%), and a substantial increase of travels was observed even before the beginning of the official Chinese Spring Festival Travel. The outbound flows from Wuhan before the lockdown were found strongly correlated with the number of diagnosed cases in the destination cities (log-transformed).ConclusionsThe regions with the highest volume of receiving at-risk populations were identified. The movements of the at-risk population were strongly associated with the virus spread. These results together with province-by-province reports have been provided to governmental authorities to aid policy decisions at both the state and provincial levels. We believe that the effort in making this data available is extremely important for COVID-19 modelling and prediction.
| S-EPMC9629681 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused nations to adopt unprecedented control measures in order to curb its spread. As the first nation to respond, China's aggressive control measures appeared to have been effective in suppressing the first wave and keeping new cases under control. Here, we provide the historical context and details of China's public health response to COVID-19. We highlight the lessons and impact of the 2002-2003 SARS outbreak, which demonstrated the importance of transparency, surveillance and testing laboratories during an outbreak. We provide an overview of China's response strategy that was based on the principles of early detection, isolation, management and treatment and involved not only the large-scale coordination of multiple governmental bodies but also grass-root community participation throughout the country. These community-based organizations conducted active surveillance for febrile cases and provided support for those in quarantine and communities in lockdown. Importantly, these broader measures were supported by digital technology, including the extensive use of internet-based platforms and mobile applications (APPs). While there have been no significant increases in case numbers since April, there is still much concern over a second wave, considering the resumption of work and school, the lifting of travel restrictions and the outbreaks occurring globally. Control measures has since been implemented by provincial authorities, which includes continued surveillance and rapid testing. Although China's strict control measures may not suit every nation, the principles of early detection and isolation continue to hold true and have been a cornerstone of the initial and ongoing response to the COVID-19.
| S-EPMC7475588 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Lung transplantation can potentially be a life-saving treatment for patients with non-resolving COVID-19-associated respiratory failure. Concerns limiting transplant include recurrence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the allograft, technical challenges imposed by viral-mediated injury to the native lung, and potential risk for allograft infection by pathogens associated with ventilator-associated pneumonia in the native lung. Most importantly, the native lung might recover, resulting in long-term outcomes preferable to transplant. Here, we report results of the first successful lung transplantation procedures in patients with non-resolving COVID-19-associated respiratory failure in the United States. We performed sm-FISH to detect both positive and negative strands of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the explanted lung tissue, extracellular matrix imaging using SHIELD tissue clearance, and single cell RNA-Seq on explant and warm post-mortem lung biopsies from patients who died from severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Lungs from patients with prolonged COVID-19 were free of virus but pathology showed extensive evidence of injury and fibrosis which resembled end-stage pulmonary fibrosis. We used a machine learning approach to project single cell RNA-Seq data from patients with late stage COVID-19 onto a single cell atlas of pulmonary fibrosis, revealing similarities across cell lineages. There was no recurrence of SARS-CoV-2 or pathogens associated with pre-transplant ventilator associated pneumonias following transplantation. Our findings suggest that some patients with severe COVID-19 develop fibrotic lung disease for which lung transplantation is the only option for survival.
2020-10-28 | GSE158127 | GEO
Project description:ObjectiveTo compare the epidemiological characteristics and transmission dynamics in relation to interventions against the COVID-19 and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak in mainland China.DesignComparative study based on a unique data set of COVID-19 and SARS.SettingOutbreak in mainland China.ParticipantsThe final database included 82 858 confirmed cases of COVID-19 and 5327 cases of SARS.MethodsWe brought together all existing data sources and integrated them into a comprehensive data set. Individual information on age, sex, occupation, residence location, date of illness onset, date of diagnosis and clinical outcome was extracted. Control measures deployed in mainland China were collected. We compared the epidemiological and spatial characteristics of COVID-19 and SARS. We estimated the effective reproduction number to explore differences in transmission dynamics and intervention effects.ResultsCompared with SARS, COVID-19 affected more extensive areas (1668 vs 230 counties) within a shorter time (101 vs 193 days) and had higher attack rate (61.8 vs 4.0 per million persons). The COVID-19 outbreak had only one epidemic peak and one epicentre (Hubei Province), while the SARS outbreak resulted in two peaks and two epicentres (Guangdong Province and Beijing). SARS-CoV-2 was more likely to infect older people (median age of 52 years), while SARS-CoV tended to infect young adults (median age of 34 years). The case fatality rate (CFR) of either disease increased with age, but the CFR of COVID-19 was significantly lower than that of SARS (5.6% vs 6.4%). The trajectory of effective reproduction number dynamically changed in relation to interventions, which fell below 1 within 2 months for COVID-19 and within 5.5 months for SARS.ConclusionsChina has taken more prompt and effective responses to combat COVID-19 by learning lessons from SARS, providing us with some epidemiological clues to control the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic worldwide.
| S-EPMC7565247 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC7144667 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC7190468 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC7321758 | biostudies-literature
Project description:With the approval of the vaccine in mainland China, concerns over its safety and efficacy emerged. Since the Chinese vaccine has been promoted by the Chinese government for months and got emergency approval from the World Health Organization. The Chinese vaccination program is yet to be identified from the perspective of local populations. The COVID-19 vaccine-related keywords for the period from January 2019 to April 2021 were examined and queried from the Baidu search index. The searching popularity, searching trend, demographic distributions and users' demand were analyzed. The first vaccine enquiry emerged on 25th January 2020, and 17 vaccination keywords were retrieved and with a total BSI value of 13,708,853. The average monthly searching trend growth is 21.05% (p < 0.05) and was led by people aged 20-29 (39.22%) years old. Over 54.93% of the demand term search were pandemic relevant, and the summed vaccine demand ratio was 44.79%. With the rising search population in COVID-19 vaccination, education programs and materials should be designed for teens and people above the 40 s. Also, vaccine-related birth safety should be alerted and further investigated.
| S-EPMC8796085 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThis study aims to investigate the impact of protective measures and isolation on intestinal infection in children before and after COVID-19 outbreak in Hangzhou, China.MethodsData on outpatient visits, intestinal infection visits, and tests of adenovirus or rotavirus from electronic healthcare records were extracted in Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine during the COVID-19 outbreak (January-December, 2020), and be compared with those in 2019 during the same period.ResultsWe found that pediatric outpatient visits, patients with intestinal infection and its proportion from January to December of 2020 were significantly less than that in the same period of 2019. Furthermore, the numbers of outpatient visits and patients with intestinal infection were the lowest in February and elevated slowly from March to December in 2020. We also found significantly decreased number of completed tests for intestinal viruses, positive cases of adenovirus and rotavirus, positive rate of rotavirus during January-December, 2020. The positive rates of adenovirus from March to September and December of 2020 were significantly lower than the levels of the same period in 2019. The positive rate of rotavirus and adenovirus in all age groups in 2020 is lower than the level of all age groups in 2019.ConclusionsThe outpatient visits and intestinal, rotavirus and adenovirus infections in children significantly decreased during COVID-19 outbreak. Adequate protective measures and isolation in children may help to prevent intestinal virus infections in children.
| S-EPMC8506064 | biostudies-literature