Beyond the HLA Genes in Gluten-Related Disorders.

ABSTRACT: Most common food grains contain gluten proteins and can cause adverse medical conditions generally known as gluten-related disorders. Celiac disease is an immune-mediated enteropathy triggered by gluten in individuals carrying a specific genetic make-up. The presence of the human leukocyte antigens (HLA)-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 haplotypes together with gluten intake is a necessary, although not sufficient, condition, to develop celiac disease. Fine mapping of the human genome has revealed numerous genetic variants important in the development of this disease. Most of the genetic variants are small nucleotide polymorphisms located within promoters and transcriptional enhancer sequences. Their importance is underlined by an increased risk in DQ2/DQ8 carriers who also have these non-HLA alleles. In a

SUBMITTER: Sallese M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7688450 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature