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The complete mitogenome of the Eastern Pacific sponge Aplysina gerardogreeni (Demospongiae, Verongida, Aplysinidae).

ABSTRACT: We report the first mitochondrial genome of a Verongid sponge, Aplysina gerardogreeni from the Pacific Ocean. This has 19,620 bp and includes 14 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNAs genes, and 25 tRNAs genes. The gene arrangement was similar to the one found in two Caribbean Aplysina mitogenomes previously reported. Comparative analyses revealed a few substitutions among congeneric mitogenomes. The mitogenome of A. gerardogreeni could be useful to study the evolution of Verongimorpha group and also to identify adequate genes for its molecular systematics.

SUBMITTER: Salas-Castaneda MR

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7706836 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The complete mitogenome of the Eastern Pacific sponge Aplysina gerardogreeni (Demospongiae, Verongida, Aplysinidae).

Salas-Castañeda Manuel Ricardo MR Castillo-Páez Ana A Rocha-Olivares Axayácatl A Cruz-Barraza José Antonio JA

Mitochondrial DNA. Part B, Resources 20190722 2

We report the first mitochondrial genome of a Verongid sponge, Aplysina gerardogreeni from the Pacific Ocean. This has 19,620 bp and includes 14 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNAs genes, and 25 tRNAs genes. The gene arrangement was similar to the one found in two Caribbean Aplysina mitogenomes previously reported. Comparative analyses revealed a few substitutions among congeneric mitogenomes. The mitogenome of A. gerardogreeni could be useful to study the evolution of Verongimorp ...[more]

PMID: 33365705

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Project description:BackgroundThe Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP) harbors a great diversity of Porifera. In particular, the Aplysina genus has acquired biotechnological and pharmacological importance. Nevertheless, the ecological aspects of their species and populations have been poorly studied. Aplysina gerardogreeni is the most conspicuous verongid sponge from the ETP, where it is usually found on rocky-coralline ecosystems. We evaluated the polymorphism levels of 18 microsatellites obtained from next-generation sequencing technologies. Furthermore, we tested the null hypothesis of panmixia in A. gerardogreeni population from two Mexican-Pacific localities.Methods and resultsA total of 6,128,000 paired reads were processed of which primer sets of 18 microsatellites were designed. The loci were tested in 64 specimens from Mazatlan, Sinaloa (N = 32) and Isabel Island, Nayarit (N = 32). The microsatellites developed were moderately polymorphic with a range of alleles between 2 and 11, and Ho between 0.069 and 0.785. Fifteen loci displayed significant deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. No linkage disequilibrium was detected. A strong genetic structure was confirmed between localities using hierarchical Bayesian analyses, principal coordinates analyses, and fixation indices (FST = 0.108*). All the samples were assigned to their locality; however, there was a small sign of mixing between localities.ConclusionsDespite the moderate values of diversity in microsatellites, they showed a strong signal of genetic structure between populations. We suggest that these molecular markers can be a relevant tool to evaluate all populations across the ETP. In addition, 17 of these microsatellites were successfully amplified in the species A. fistularis and A. lacunosa, meaning they could also be applied in congeneric sponges from the Caribbean Sea. The use of these molecular markers in population genetic studies will allow assessment of the connectivity patterns in species of the Aplysina genus.

Project description:Integrative taxonomy provides a major approximation to species delimitation based on integration of different perspectives (e.g. morphology, biochemistry and DNA sequences). The aim of this study was to assess the relationships and boundaries among Eastern Pacific Aplysina species using morphological, biochemical and molecular data. For this, a collection of sponges of the genus Aplysina from the Mexican Pacific was studied on the basis of their morphological, chemical (chitin composition), and molecular markers (mitochondrial COI and nuclear ribosomal rDNA: ITS1-5.8-ITS2). Three morphological species were identified, two of which are new to science. A. clathrata sp. nov. is a yellow to yellow-reddish or -brownish sponge, characterized by external clathrate-like morphology; A. revillagigedi sp. nov. is a lemon yellow to green, cushion-shaped sometimes lobate sponge, characterized by conspicuous oscules, which are slightly elevated and usually linearly distributed on rims; and A. gerardogreeni a known species distributed along the Mexican Pacific coast. Chitin was identified as the main structural component within skeletons of the three species using FTIR, confirming that it is shared among Verongida sponges. Morphological differences were confirmed by DNA sequences from nuclear ITS1-5.8-ITS2. Mitochondrial COI sequences showed extremely low but diagnostic variability for Aplysina revillagigedi sp. nov., thus our results corroborate that COI has limited power for DNA-barcoding of sponges and should be complemented with other markers (e.g. rDNA). Phylogenetic analyses of Aplysina sequences from the Eastern Pacific and Caribbean, resolved two allopatric and reciprocally monophyletic groups for each region. Eastern Pacific species were grouped in general accordance with the taxonomic hypothesis based on morphological characters. An identification key of Eastern Pacific Aplysina species is presented. Our results constitute one of the first approximations to integrative taxonomy, phylogeny and evolutionary biogeography of Eastern Pacific marine sponges; an approach that will significantly contribute to our better understanding of their diversity and evolutionary history.

Dataset Information

The complete mitogenome of the Eastern Pacific sponge Aplysina gerardogreeni (Demospongiae, Verongida, Aplysinidae).

Publications

The complete mitogenome of the Eastern Pacific sponge <i>Aplysina gerardogreeni</i> (Demospongiae, Verongida, Aplysinidae).

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