Dataset Information

Detection and Characterization of Bat Sarbecovirus Phylogenetically Related to SARS-CoV-2, Japan.

ABSTRACT: Epidemiology of bat Betacoronavirus, subgenus Sarbecovirus is largely unknown, especially outside China. We detected a sarbecovirus phylogenetically related to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 from Rhinolophus cornutus bats in Japan. The sarbecovirus' spike protein specifically recognizes angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 of R. cornutus, but not humans, as an entry receptor.

SUBMITTER: Murakami S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7706965 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Detection and Characterization of Bat Sarbecovirus Phylogenetically Related to SARS-CoV-2, Japan.

Murakami Shin S Kitamura Tomoya T Suzuki Jin J Sato Ryouta R Aoi Toshiki T Fujii Marina M Matsugo Hiromichi H Kamiki Haruhiko H Ishida Hiroho H Takenaka-Uema Akiko A Shimojima Masayuki M Horimoto Taisuke T

Emerging infectious diseases 20201201 12

Epidemiology of bat Betacoronavirus, subgenus Sarbecovirus is largely unknown, especially outside China. We detected a sarbecovirus phylogenetically related to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 from Rhinolophus cornutus bats in Japan. The sarbecovirus' spike protein specifically recognizes angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 of R. cornutus, but not humans, as an entry receptor. ...[more]

PMID: 33219796

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Project description:Hundreds of sarbecoviruses have been found in bats, but only a fraction of them have the ability to infect cells using angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the receptor for SARS-CoV and -2. To date, only ACE2-dependent sarbecoviruses have been isolated from field samples or grown in the laboratory. ACE2-independent sarbecoviruses, comprising the majority of the subgenus, have not been propagated in any type of cell culture, as the factors and conditions needed for their replication are completely unknown. Given the significant zoonotic threat posed by sarbecoviruses, cell culture models and in vitro tools are urgently needed to study the rest of this subgenus. We previously showed that the exogenous protease trypsin could facilitate cell entry of viral-like particles pseudotyped with spike protein from some of the ACE2-independent sarbecoviruses. Here, we tested if these conditions were sufficient to support bona fide viral replication using recombinant bat sarbecoviruses. In the presence of trypsin, some of the spike proteins from clade 2 viruses were capable of supporting bat sarbecovirus infection and replication in human and bat cells. Protease experiments showed a specific viral dependence on high levels of trypsin, as TMPRSS2 and furin had no effect on clade 2 virus entry. These results shed light on how sarbecoviruses transmit and coexist in their natural hosts, provide key insights for future efforts to isolate and grow these viruses from field samples, and further underscore the need for broadly protective, universal coronavirus vaccines. IMPORTANCE Our studies demonstrate that some unexplored sarbecoviruses are capable of replicating in human and bat cells in an ACE2-independent way but need a high trypsin environment. We found that trypsin is not compensated by other known proteases involved in some coronavirus entry. This work provides important information that the trypsin-dependent entry may be a widely employed mechanism for coronaviruses and will help for further understanding the biological features of the less-studied viruses.

Dataset Information

Detection and Characterization of Bat Sarbecovirus Phylogenetically Related to SARS-CoV-2, Japan.

Publications

Detection and Characterization of Bat Sarbecovirus Phylogenetically Related to SARS-CoV-2, Japan.

Similar Datasets

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