Dataset Information

Next-generation sequencing yields the complete organellar genomes of kelp Lessonia flavicans (Lessoniaceae, Phaeophyceae) from the Sub-Antarctic ecoregion of Magallanes, Chile.

ABSTRACT: The generitype Lessonia flavicans Bory is an endemic and important kelp from Sub-Antarctic Magellanic ecoregion that shows affinity to extreme salinity, temperature, and photoperiod conditions. Genomic analysis of L. flavicans from Rinconada Bulnes, Punta Arenas, Chile, resulted in the assembly of its organellar genomes. The L. flavicans complete mitogenome is 37,226 base pairs (bp) in length and contains 66 genes (GenBank accession number MN561186), the complete plastid genome is 130,085 bp and has 173 genes (MN561187) and the data assembled 8205 bp of the nuclear ribosomal cistron (MN561188). The organellar genomes are similar in structure and content to L. spicata (Suhr) Santelices and other Laminariales.

SUBMITTER: Bustamante DE

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7707745 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Next-generation sequencing yields the complete organellar genomes of kelp Lessonia flavicans (Lessoniaceae, Phaeophyceae) from the Sub-Antarctic ecoregion of Magallanes, Chile.

Bustamante Danilo E DE Mansilla Andres A Calderon Martha S MS Rosenfeld Sebastian S Rodriguez Juan P JP Mendez Fabio F Bahamonde Francisco F Gerard Karin K Lopez Zambra Z Ceroni Constanza C Aros Veronica V Perez Carolina C

Mitochondrial DNA. Part B, Resources 20191112 2

The generitype Lessonia flavicans Bory is an endemic and important kelp from Sub-Antarctic Magellanic ecoregion that shows affinity to extreme salinity, temperature, and photoperiod conditions. Genomic analysis of L. flavicans from Rinconada Bulnes, Punta Arenas, Chile, resulted in the assembly of its organellar genomes. The L. flavicans complete mitogenome is 37,226 base pairs (bp) in length and contains 66 genes (GenBank accession number MN561186), the complete plastid gen ...[more]

PMID: 33366267

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Project description:The industrial park of Quintero Bay (QB) in the central coast of Chile was established in the 1960s, presents high levels of pollution due to the industrial activity, and it is known as one of the five Chilean "sacrifice zones". Lessonia spicata is the most important habitat-forming kelp species in the intertidal along the central and south shores of Chile, and currently there are no morphometric and population studies of L. spicata (or other seaweed species) nor studies about the effects of pollution on its development in QB and neighbouring sites. In this context, the aims of this study were (i) to register the abundance and morphological features of L. spicata populations from Ventanas, Horcón and Cachagua (sites with different pollution histories and located only up to 40 km from the QB); ii) to determine the heavy metals (HMs) concentration in seawater and marine sediments; and (iii) to evaluate in vitro the effects of exposure to seawater from the three sampling sites on spore release and early developmental stages, up to the juvenile sporophyte. Results showed that the chronically exposed Ventanas kelp population had the smallest adult individuals in comparison with the other sites. Ventanas and Horcón registered high HMs concentration in the seawater and marine sediments exceeding the international permissible limits (e.g in seawater Cu 20-859 μg L-1; sediments Cu > 50,000 μg kg-1). Unexpectedly in Cachagua, a site often considered unpolluted, high concentrations of Cu and As were also registered in the seawater (859 and 1,484 μg L-1, respectively) and of As in marine sediments (20,895 μg kg-1). Exposure of gametophytes to the seawater from Ventanas resulted in a developmental delay compared to the other treatments; however, low sporophyte production was determined in all treatments. Our results indicate that QB, more notably Ventanas, induce highly negative effects on individual development, and consequently on seaweed populations, which suggest a long-term negative impact on the community structure of these marine zones. Furthermore, the high concentrations of HMs reported here at Cachagua suggest a recent expansion of pollution along the central coast of Chile, evidencing effects on the marine ecosystem health even on sites far from the pollution source.

Project description:Chimerism occurs when two genetically distinct conspecific individuals fuse together generating a single entity. Coalescence and chimerism in red seaweeds has been positively related to an increase in body size, and the consequent reduction in susceptibility to mortality factors, thus increasing survival, reproductive potential and tolerance to stress in contrast to genetically homogeneous organisms. In addition, they showed that a particular pattern of post-fusion growth maintains higher genetic diversity and chimerism in the holdfast but homogenous axes. In Chilean kelps (brown seaweeds), intraorganismal genetic heterogeneity (IGH) and holdfast coalescence has been described in previous research, but the extent of chimerism in wild populations and the patterns of distribution of the genetically heterogeneous thallus zone have scarcely been studied. Since kelps are under continuous harvesting, with enormous social, ecological and economic importance, natural chimerism can be considered a priceless in-situ reservoir of natural genetic resources and variability. In this study, we therefore examined the frequency of IGH and chimerism in three harvested populations of Lessonia spicata. We then evaluated whether chimeric wild-type holdfasts show higher genetic diversity than erect axes (stipe and lamina) and explored the impact of this on the traditional estimation of genetic diversity at the population level. We found a high frequency of IGH (60-100%) and chimerism (33.3-86.7%), varying according to the studied population. We evidenced that chimerism occurs mostly in holdfasts, exhibiting heterogeneous tissues, whereas stipes and lamina were more homogeneous, generating a vertical gradient of allele and genotype abundance as well as divergence, constituting the first time "within- plant" genetic patterns have been reported in kelps. This is very different from the chimeric patterns described in land plants and animals. Finally, we evidenced that IGH affected genetic differentiation among populations, showed lower levels of FST index when we compared holdfast than lamina samples. In the light of this, future studies should evaluate the significance of chimeric holdfasts in their ability to increase kelps resilience, improve restoration and ecosystem service.

Dataset Information

Next-generation sequencing yields the complete organellar genomes of kelp Lessonia flavicans (Lessoniaceae, Phaeophyceae) from the Sub-Antarctic ecoregion of Magallanes, Chile.

Publications

Next-generation sequencing yields the complete organellar genomes of kelp <i>Lessonia flavicans</i> (Lessoniaceae, Phaeophyceae) from the Sub-Antarctic ecoregion of Magallanes, Chile.

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