Investigation of Cytotoxicity, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammatory Responses of Tantalum Nanoparticles in THP-1-Derived Macrophages.

ABSTRACT: Tantalum (Ta) is gaining attention as a biomaterial in bone tissue engineering. Although the clinical advantage of Ta-based implants for primary and revision total joint replacement (TJA) has been well documented, few studies investigated the effect of wear products of Ta implants on peri-implant cells, and their potential contribution to aseptic implant loosening. This study is aimed at examining the cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and proinflammatory potential of Ta and TiO₂ nanoparticles (NPs) on macrophages in vitro. NPs were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and energy-dispersive X-ray. To test the NP-mediated cellular response in macrophages, THP-1-derived macrophages were challenged with both NPs, and cytotoxicity was analyzed using CCK-8 and LDH assays. Flow cytometry was used to investigate particle uptake and their internalization routes. NP-mediated oxidative stress was investigated by measuring the production of reactive oxygen species, and their proinflammatory potential was determined by quantifying the production of TNF? and IL-1? in cell culture supernatants using ELISA. We found that both Ta and TiO₂ NPs were taken up through actin-dependent phagocytosis, although TiO₂ NPs did also show some involvement of macropinocytosis and clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Ta NPs caused no apparent toxicity, while TiO₂ NPs demonstrated significant cytotoxicity at a concentration of over 100?g/mL at 24?h. Ta NPs induced negligible ROS generation and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF?, IL-1?) in macrophages. In contrast, TiO₂ NPs markedly induced these effects in a dose-dependent manner. Our findings indicate that Ta NPs are inert, nontoxic, and noninflammatory. Therefore, Ta could be considered an excellent biomaterial in primary and revision joint arthroplasty implants.

SUBMITTER: Zhang L 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7732397 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature