Dataset Information

Parvovirus-induced encephalitis in a juvenile raccoon.

ABSTRACT: A juvenile raccoon was euthanized because of severe neurologic signs. At postmortem examination, no significant gross lesions were present. Histologic evaluation demonstrated nonsuppurative encephalitis in thalamus, brainstem, and hippocampus, cerebellar Purkinje cell loss, as well as poliomyelitis and demyelination of the spinal cord. Parvovirus antigen-specific immunohistochemistry revealed immunopositive neurons in the brainstem, cerebral cortex, and hippocampus. A few Purkinje cells were also immunopositive. DNA extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded brain tissue (thalamus, hippocampus, cerebral cortex) yielded a positive signal using PCR targeting both feline and canine parvovirus. Sequencing analyses from a fragment of the NS1 gene and a portion of the VP2 gene confirmed the presence of DNA of a recent canine parvovirus variant (CPV-2a-like virus) in the cerebellum. Our case provides evidence that a recent canine parvovirus (CPV) strain (Carnivore protoparvovirus 1) can infect cerebral and diencephalic neurons and cause encephalitis in an otherwise healthy raccoon. Parvovirus-induced encephalitis is a differential diagnosis of rabies and canine distemper in raccoons with neurologic signs.

SUBMITTER: Wunschmann A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7758697 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Parvovirus-induced encephalitis in a juvenile raccoon.

Wünschmann Arno A Lopez-Astacio Robert R Armién Aníbal G AG Reed Leslie L Parrish Colin R CR

Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc 20201026 1

A juvenile raccoon was euthanized because of severe neurologic signs. At postmortem examination, no significant gross lesions were present. Histologic evaluation demonstrated nonsuppurative encephalitis in thalamus, brainstem, and hippocampus, cerebellar Purkinje cell loss, as well as poliomyelitis and demyelination of the spinal cord. Parvovirus antigen-specific immunohistochemistry revealed immunopositive neurons in the brainstem, cerebral cortex, and hippocampus. A few Purkinje cells were als ...[more]

PMID: 33100176

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Project description:Encephalitis, a severe brain inflammation, can arise due to various infectious agents, including viruses like Parvovirus B19 (B19V). Previously linked to mild neonatal and young one's illnesses and some haematological diseases, recent evidence associates B19V with encephalitis, with no clear prevalence and mechanisms in place. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to determine the prevalence of B19V in cases of encephalitis, exploring variations associated with diagnostic approaches, and identifying gaps in existing research to enhance clinical comprehension and diagnostic methods. An extensive search (1994-2024) was performed through PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane databases for research and epidemiological investigations related to B19V in cases of encephalitis. Inclusion criteria focused on studies that verified B19V using molecular (PCR, NGS) or serological (IgM/IgG) techniques in cerebrospinal fluid or serum. Data analysis was done to pool the prevalence data of included studies using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was evaluated using I2 statistics. Sensitivity and meta-regression analyses were conducted to evaluate variability and the effects of moderators. A total of fourteen studies involving 3,135 encephalitis patients resulted in a combined prevalence of 3% (95% CI: 2-4%). Studies using PCR indicated a greater prevalence (3%) in comparison to ELISA (1%) and NGS (2%). A moderate level of heterogeneity (I2 = 57.4%) was attributed to the variability in diagnostic methods and geographic distribution. Sensitivity analyses validated strong estimates, while meta-regression revealed country as a key moderator accounting for heterogeneity. Publication bias was modest. The research indicates that B19V may be involved in certain encephalitis instances, with an overall prevalence of 3%. The differences observed in the studies emphasize the need for standardized diagnostic procedures and more extensive multicentric epidemiological research.

Dataset Information

Parvovirus-induced encephalitis in a juvenile raccoon.

Publications

Parvovirus-induced encephalitis in a juvenile raccoon.

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