Drug Addiction: Hyperkatifeia/Negative Reinforcement as a Framework for Medications Development.

ABSTRACT: Compulsive drug seeking that is associated with addiction is hypothesized to follow a heuristic framework that involves three stages (binge/intoxication, withdrawal/negative affect, and preoccupation/anticipation) and three domains of dysfunction (incentive salience/pathologic habits, negative emotional states, and executive function, respectively) via changes in the basal ganglia, extended amygdala/habenula, and frontal cortex, respectively. This review focuses on neurochemical/neurocircuitry dysregulations that contribute to hyperkatifeia, defined as a greater intensity of negative emotional/motivational signs and symptoms during withdrawal from drugs of abuse in the withdrawal/negative affect stage of the addiction cycle. Hyperkatifeia provides an additional source of motivation for com

SUBMITTER: Koob GF 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7770492 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature