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Biomedical Evaluation of Lansium parasiticum Extract-Protected Silver Nanoparticles Against Haemonchus contortus, a Parasitic Worm.

ABSTRACT: Here we show the novel anti-helminthic potential of Lansium parasiticum aqueous extract-protected silver nanoparticles (LAgNPs) against albendazole-resistant gastrointestinal parasite Haemonchus contortus. LAgNPs showed LD₅₀ values of 65.6 ± 32.8 nM (12 h), 139.6 ± 39.9 nM (12 h), and 64.3 ± 8.5 nM (24 h) against adult male, female, and L3 larvae, respectively. LAgNPs was also quite effective in inhibiting egg hatching, with an IC₅₀ value of 144.4 ± 3.1 nM at 48 h of exposure. Exposure to LAgNPs generated oxidative stress and mediated physical damage in the worms' tissue. A sharp increase in reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide synthase levels was prominent due to LAgNPs' exposure. In response to oxidative stress, a sharp increase of stress-responsive enzymes' activity, like catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activity, along with the concentration of glutathione, was observed in worm tissue, which indicated a LAgNP-responsive alteration of metabolism. The results give rise to the opportunity for the development of alternative treatment for drug-resistant parasitic worms.

SUBMITTER: Goel V

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7773940 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Biomedical Evaluation of Lansium parasiticum Extract-Protected Silver Nanoparticles Against Haemonchus contortus, a Parasitic Worm.

Goel Vanshita V Kaur Pawandeep P Singla Lachhman Das LD Choudhury Diptiman D

Frontiers in molecular biosciences 20201217

Here we show the novel anti-helminthic potential of Lansium parasiticum aqueous extract-protected silver nanoparticles (LAgNPs) against albendazole-resistant gastrointestinal parasite Haemonchus contortus. LAgNPs showed LD50 values of 65.6 ± 32.8 nM (12 h), 139.6 ± 39.9 nM (12 h), and 64.3 ± 8.5 nM (24 h) against adult male, female, and L3 larvae, respectively. LAgNPs was also quite effective in inhibiting egg hatching, with an IC50 value of 144.4 ± 3.1 nM at ...[more]

PMID: 33392256

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Project description:BackgroundThe parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus shows highly variable life history traits. This highlights the need to have an average estimate and a quantification of the variation around it to calibrate epidemiological models.MethodsThis paper aimed to quantify the main life history traits of H. contortus and to identify explanatory factors affecting these traits using a powerful method based on a systematic review and meta-analysis of current literature. The life history traits considered are: (i) the establishment rate of ingested larvae; (ii) the adult mortality rate; (iii) the fertility (i.e. the number of eggs laid/female/day); and (iv) fecundity of female worms (i.e. the number of eggs per gram of faeces).ResultsA total of 37 papers that report single experimental infection with H. contortus in sheep and published from 1960 to 2015, were reviewed and collated in this meta-analysis. This encompassed 115 experiments on 982 animals. Each trait was analysed using a linear model weighted by its inverse variance. The average (± SE) larval establishment rate was 0.24 ± 0.02, which decreased as a function of the infection dose and host age. An average adult mortality rate of 0.021 ± 0.002) was estimated from the literature. This trait varied as a function of animal age, breed and protective response due to prior exposure to the parasite. Average female fertility was 1295.9 ± 280.4 eggs/female/day and decreased in resistant breeds and previously infected hosts. Average faecal egg count at necropsy was 908.5 ± 487.1 eggs per gram of faeces and varied as a function of infection duration and host resistance. The average sex ratio of H. contortus was 0.51 ± 0.006.ConclusionThis work is the first systematic review to summarise the available information on the parasitic phase of H. contortus in sheep. The results of the meta-analysis provide robust estimates of life history traits for parametrization of epidemiological models, their expected variation according to experimental factors, and provides correlations between these.

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Biomedical Evaluation of Lansium parasiticum Extract-Protected Silver Nanoparticles Against Haemonchus contortus, a Parasitic Worm.

Publications

Biomedical Evaluation of <i>Lansium parasiticum</i> Extract-Protected Silver Nanoparticles Against <i>Haemonchus contortus</i>, a Parasitic Worm.

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