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The complete chloroplast genome of Hordeum brevisubulatum.

ABSTRACT: In this study, the complete chloroplast genome of Hordeum brevisubulatum was sequenced and analyzed. The complete chloroplast genome of Hordeum brevisubulatum was 137,019 bp in length, encoding a total of 134 genes, including 87 protein-coding genes, 39tRNAs, and 8 rRNAs, with a CG content of 38.27%. The phylogenetic analysis of Hordeum brevisubulatum was carried out to determine the position of Gramineae in the phylogenetic evolution.

SUBMITTER: Su X

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7782175 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The complete chloroplast genome of Hordeum brevisubulatum.

Su Xiaoxia X Zhao Jia J Wang Zhiyong Z

Mitochondrial DNA. Part B, Resources 20200725 3

In this study, the complete chloroplast genome of Hordeum brevisubulatum was sequenced and analyzed. The complete chloroplast genome of Hordeum brevisubulatum was 137,019 bp in length, encoding a total of 134 genes, including 87 protein-coding genes, 39tRNAs, and 8 rRNAs, with a CG content of 38.27%. The phylogenetic analysis of Hordeum brevisubulatum was carried out to determine the position of Gramineae in the phylogenetic evolution. ...[more]

PMID: 33458027

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Complete chloroplast genome of Hordeum brevisubulatum: Genome organization, synonymous codon usage, phylogenetic relationships, and comparative structure analysis.

Project description:BackgroundHordeum brevisubulatum, known as fine perennial forage, is used for soil salinity improvement in northern China. Chloroplast (cp) genome is an ideal model for assessing its genome evolution and the phylogenetic relationships. We de novo sequenced and analyzed the cp genome of H. brevisubulatum, providing a fundamental reference for further studies in genetics and molecular breeding.ResultsThe cp genome of H. brevisubulatum was 137,155 bp in length with a typical quadripartite structure. A total of 130 functional genes were annotated and the gene of accD was lost in the process of evolution. Among all the annotated genes, 16 different genes harbored introns and the genes of ycf3 and rps12 contained two introns. Parity rule 2 (PR2) plot analysis showed that majority of genes had a bias toward T over A in the coding strand in all five Hordeum species, and a slight G over C in the other four Hordeum species except for H. bogdanil. Additionally, 52 dispersed repeat sequences and 182 simple sequence repeats were identified. Moreover, some unique SSRs of each species could be used as molecular markers for further study. Compared to the other four Hordeum species, H. brevisubulatum was most closely related to H. bogdanii and its cp genome was relatively conserved. Moreover, inverted repeat regions (IRa and IRb) were less divergent than other parts and coding regions were relatively conserved compared to non-coding regions. Main divergence was presented at the SSC/IR border.ConclusionsThis research comprehensively describes the architecture of the H. brevisubulatum cp genome and improves our understanding of its cp biology and genetic diversity, which will facilitate biological discoveries and cp genome engineering.

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The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Hordeum distichon (Poales: Poaceae).

Project description:Hordeum distichon (H. distichon) is a two-row cultivated barley used as food and as a feed crop. Chloroplast genome is an excellent way to study the genetic structure and evolutionary process of natural population of plant species in recent years. In this study, the complete chloroplast genome of H. distichon was sequenced and analyzed: the size of the chloroplast genome is 136,462 bp in length, including a large single copy region (LSC) of 80,597 bp, a small single copy region (SSC) of 12,701 bp, and a pair of inverted repeated regions (IR) of 21,582 bp; the H. distichon chloroplast genome encodes 129 genes, including 83 protein-coding genes, 38 tRNA genes, and eight rRNA genes; the overall GC-content of the chloroplast genome was 38.32%, with the LSC, SSC, and IR regions being 36.31%, 32.33%, and 43.83%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on 32 species with the maximum likelihood (ML) method indicated that H. distichon was closely related to Hordeum vulgare.

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Halophytic Hordeum brevisubulatum HbHAK1 Facilitates Potassium Retention and Contributes to Salt Tolerance.

Project description:Potassium retention under saline conditions has emerged as an important determinant for salt tolerance in plants. Halophytic Hordeum brevisubulatum evolves better strategies to retain K+ to improve high-salt tolerance. Hence, uncovering K+-efficient uptake under salt stress is vital for understanding K+ homeostasis. HAK/KUP/KT transporters play important roles in promoting K+ uptake during multiple stresses. Here, we obtained nine salt-induced HAK/KUP/KT members in H. brevisubulatum with different expression patterns compared with H. vulgare through transcriptomic analysis. One member HbHAK1 showed high-affinity K+ transporter activity in athak5 to cope with low-K+ or salt stresses. The expression of HbHAK1 in yeast Cy162 strains exhibited strong activities in K+ uptake under extremely low external K+ conditions and reducing Na+ toxicity to maintain the survival of yeast cells under high-salt-stress. Comparing with the sequence of barley HvHAK1, we found that C170 and R342 in a conserved domain played pivotal roles in K+ selectivity under extremely low-K+ conditions (10 μM) and that A13 was responsible for the salt tolerance. Our findings revealed the mechanism of HbHAK1 for K+ accumulation and the significant natural adaptive sites for HAK1 activity, highlighting the potential value for crops to promote K+-uptake under stresses.

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