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Associations of ω-3 Fatty Acids With Interstitial Lung Disease and Lung Imaging Abnormalities Among Adults.

ABSTRACT: Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, attenuates interstitial lung disease (ILD) in experimental models, but human studies are lacking. We examined associations of circulating levels of DHA and other polyunsaturated fatty acids with hospitalization and death due to ILD over 12 years in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA; n = 6,573). We examined cross-sectional associations with CT lung abnormalities in MESA (2000-2012; n = 6,541), the Framingham Heart Study (2005-2011; n = 3,917), and the Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility-Reykjavik Study (AGES-Reykjavik) (2002-2006; n = 1,106). Polyunsaturated fatty acid levels were determined from fasting blood samples and extracted from plasma phospholipids (MESA and AGES-Reykjavik) or red blood cell membranes (Framingham Heart Study). Higher DHA levels were associated with a lower risk of hospitalization due to ILD (per standard-deviation increment, adjusted rate ratio = 0.69, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.48, 0.99) and a lower rate of death due to ILD (per standard-deviation increment, adjusted hazard ratio = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.47, 0.98). Higher DHA was associated with fewer interstitial lung abnormalities on computed tomography (per natural log increment, pooled adjusted odds ratio = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.46, 0.91). Higher DHA levels were associated with a lower risk of hospitalization and death due to ILD and fewer lung abnormalities on computed tomography in a meta-analysis of data from population-based cohort studies.

SUBMITTER: Kim JS

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7784523 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Associations of ω-3 Fatty Acids With Interstitial Lung Disease and Lung Imaging Abnormalities Among Adults.

Kim John S JS Steffen Brian T BT Podolanczuk Anna J AJ Kawut Steven M SM Noth Imre I Raghu Ganesh G Michos Erin D ED Hoffman Eric A EA Axelsson Gisli Thor GT Gudmundsson Gunnar G Gudnason Vilmundur V Gudmundsson Elias F EF Murphy Rachel A RA Dupuis Josée J Xu Hanfei H Vasan Ramachandran S RS O'Connor George T GT Harris William S WS Hunninghake Gary M GM Barr R Graham RG Tsai Michael Y MY Lederer David J DJ

American journal of epidemiology 20210101 1

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, attenuates interstitial lung disease (ILD) in experimental models, but human studies are lacking. We examined associations of circulating levels of DHA and other polyunsaturated fatty acids with hospitalization and death due to ILD over 12 years in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA; n = 6,573). We examined cross-sectional associations with CT lung abnormalities in MESA (2000-2012; n = 6,541), the Framingham Heart Study ...[more]

PMID: 32803215

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Project description:BackgroundOmega-3 (n-3) PUFAs are suggested to play a role in the prevention of cognitive decline. The evidence may be inconsistent due to methodologic issues, including interrelations with other long-chain (14 or more carbons) fatty acids (LCFAs) and use of sex as a confounding factor rather than an effect modifier.ObjectivesThis study evaluated the association between serum n-3 PUFAs and performance across 4 cognitive domains, overall and by sex, while controlling for other LCFAs.MethodsIn total, 386 healthy older adults (aged 77.4 ± 3.8 y; 53% females) from the Quebec Longitudinal Study on Nutrition and Successful Aging underwent a cognitive evaluation and blood sampling. Verbal and nonverbal episodic memory, executive functioning, and processing speed were evaluated. Serum LCFA concentrations were measured by gas chromatography. LCFAs were grouped according to standard fatty acid classes and factor analysis using principal component analysis (FA-PCA). Multivariate linear regression models were performed, including unadjusted and adjusted models for other LCFAs.ResultsHigher n-3 PUFA concentrations were associated with better nonverbal memory and processing speed in fully adjusted models not including other LCFAs (βs of 0.21 and 0.19, respectively). The magnitude of these associations varied when other LCFAs were entered in the model (βs of 0.27 and 0.32, respectively) or when FA-PCA factors were considered (βs of 0.27 and 0.21, respectively). Associations with verbal episodic memory were limited to higher concentrations of EPA, whereas there was no association between n-3 PUFAs and executive functioning. Higher n-3 PUFAs were associated with better verbal and nonverbal episodic memory in females and with better executive functioning and processing speed in males.ConclusionsThese results suggest that other LCFAs should be considered when evaluating the association between n-3 PUFAs and cognitive performance in healthy older adults. Sex differences across cognitive domains warrant further investigation.

Project description:BackgroundThe association between omega-3 (ω-3) PUFAs and cognition, brain imaging and biomarkers is still not fully established.ObjectivesThe aim was to analyze the cross-sectional and retrospective longitudinal associations between erythrocyte ω-3 index and cognition, brain imaging, and biomarkers among older adults.MethodsA total of 832 Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative 3 (ADNI-3) participants, with a mean (SD) age of 74.0 (7.9) y, 50.8% female, 55.9% cognitively normal, 32.7% with mild cognitive impairment, and 11.4% with Alzheimer disease (AD) were included. A low ω-3 index (%EPA + %DHA) was defined as the lowest quartile (≤3.70%). Cognitive tests [composite score, AD Assessment Scale Cognitive (ADAS-Cog), Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS), Trail Making Test, Category Fluency, Mini-Mental State Examination, Montreal Cognitive Assessment] and brain variables [hippocampal volume, white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), positron emission tomography (PET) amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau] were considered as outcomes in regression models.ResultsLow ω-3 index was not associated with cognition, hippocampal, and WMH volume or brain Aβ and tau after adjustment for demographics, ApoEε4, cardiovascular disease, BMI, and total intracranial volume in the cross-sectional analysis. In the retrospective analysis, low ω-3 index was associated with greater Aβ accumulation (adjusted β = 0.02; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.03; P = 0.003). The composite cognitive score did not differ between groups; however, low ω-3 index was significantly associated with greater WMS-delayed recall cognitive decline (adjusted β = -1.18; 95% CI: -2.16, -0.19; P = 0.019), but unexpectedly lower total ADAS-Cog cognitive decline. Low ω-3 index was cross-sectionally associated with lower WMS performance (adjusted β = -1.81, SE = 0.73, P = 0.014) and higher tau accumulation among ApoE ε4 carriers.ConclusionsLongitudinally, low ω-3 index was associated with greater Aβ accumulation and WMS cognitive decline but unexpectedly with lower total ADAS-Cog cognitive decline. Although no associations were cross-sectionally found in the whole population, low ω-3 index was associated with lower WMS cognition and higher tau accumulation among ApoE ε4 carriers. The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) is registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00106899.

Dataset Information

Associations of ω-3 Fatty Acids With Interstitial Lung Disease and Lung Imaging Abnormalities Among Adults.

Publications

Associations of ω-3 Fatty Acids With Interstitial Lung Disease and Lung Imaging Abnormalities Among Adults.

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