Dataset Information

Heterogenous Populations of Tissue-Resident CD8⁺ T Cells Are Generated in Response to Infection and Malignancy.

ABSTRACT: Tissue-resident memory CD8⁺ T cells (Trm) provide host protection through continuous surveillance of non-lymphoid tissues. Using single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) and genetic reporter mice, we identified discrete lineages of intestinal antigen-specific CD8⁺ T cells, including a Blimp1^hiId3^lo tissue-resident effector cell population most prominent in the early phase of acute viral and bacterial infections and a molecularly distinct Blimp1^loId3^hi tissue-resident memory population that subsequently accumulated at later infection time points. These Trm populations exhibited distinct cytokine production, secondary memory potential, and transcriptional programs including differential roles for transcriptional regulators Blimp1, T-bet, Id2, and Id3 in supporting and maintaining intestinal Trm. Extending our analysis to malignant tissue, we also identified discrete populations of effector-like and memory-like CD8⁺ T cell populations with tissue-resident gene-expression signatures that shared features of terminally exhausted and progenitor-exhausted T cells, respectively. Our findings provide insight into the development and functional heterogeneity of Trm cells, which has implications for enhancing vaccination and immunotherapy approaches.

SUBMITTER: Milner JJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7784612 | biostudies-literature | 2020 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Heterogenous Populations of Tissue-Resident CD8+ T Cells Are Generated in Response to Infection and Malignancy.

Milner J Justin JJ Toma Clara C He Zhaoren Z Kurd Nadia S NS Nguyen Quynh P QP McDonald Bryan B Quezada Lauren L Widjaja Christella E CE Witherden Deborah A DA Crowl John T JT Shaw Laura A LA Yeo Gene W GW Chang John T JT Omilusik Kyla D KD Goldrath Ananda W AW

Immunity 20200501 5

Tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells (Trm) provide host protection through continuous surveillance of non-lymphoid tissues. Using single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) and genetic reporter mice, we identified discrete lineages of intestinal antigen-specific CD8+ T cells, including a Blimp1hiId3lo tissue-resident effector cell population most prominent in the early phase of acute viral and bacterial infections and a molecularly distinct Blimp1lo</s ...[more]

PMID: 32433949

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Project description:BackgroundBrain inflammation is a key cause of cognitive decline after central nervous system (CNS) infections. A thorough understanding of immune responses to CNS infection is essential for developing anti-inflammatory interventions that improve outcomes. Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) are non-recirculating memory T cells that provide surveillance of previously infected tissues. However, in addition to protecting the brain against reinfection, brain TRM can contribute to post-infectious neuroinflammation. We hypothesized that accumulation of CD8+ TRM in the brain could be reduced by inhibiting microRNA (miR)-155, a microRNA that influences development of cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes during infection.MethodsC57BL/6J mice were infected by intraperitoneal injection with a lethal inoculum of Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) then treated with antibiotics. Flow cytometry was used to quantify specific populations of brain leukocytes 28-29 days (d) post-infection (p.i.). To test the degree to which miR-155 altered leukocyte influxes into the brain, infected mice were injected with a miR-155 inhibitor or locked nucleic acid (LNA) scramble control 2d, 4d, 6d, and 8d p.i. along with antibiotic treatment. Bacterial loads in spleen and liver and body weights were measured up to 7d p.i. Brain leukocytes were analyzed 14d and 28d p.i. Confirmatory studies were performed in mutated mice lacking miR-155 (miR-155-/-) RESULTS: Lm infection significantly increased the numbers of brain CD3+CD8+ lymphocytes at 28d p.i. These cells were extravascular, and displayed markers characteristic of TRM, with the predominant phenotype of CD44+CD62L-CD69+CX3CR1-. Further analysis showed that > 75% of brain TRM also expressed CD49a, PD-1, Ly6C, CD103, and CD127. Mice injected with miR-155 inhibitor lost less weight through 7d p.i. than did control mice, whereas bacterial loads in brain, liver, and spleen were not different from controls. By 28d p.i., the numbers of brain CD8+ TRM cells were significantly decreased in mice treated with the inhibitor compared with controls. Similarly, miR-155-/- mice showed significantly reduced numbers of brain CD8+ TRM cells by 28d p.i.ConclusionsBrain CD8+ TRM populations are established during neuroinvasive Lm infection. Accumulation of brain CD8+ TRM cells is reduced by blocking miR-155 and in miR-155-/- mice, indicating that this molecule has a critical role in development of these specialized cells. Administering anti-miR-155 during infection could provide a novel avenue for reducing post-infectious neuroinflammation.

Dataset Information

Heterogenous Populations of Tissue-Resident CD8⁺ T Cells Are Generated in Response to Infection and Malignancy.

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Heterogenous Populations of Tissue-Resident CD8<sup>+</sup> T Cells Are Generated in Response to Infection and Malignancy.

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