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Nanocarrier vaccines for SARS-CoV-2.

ABSTRACT: The SARS-CoV-2 global pandemic has seen rapid spread, disease morbidities and death associated with substantive social, economic and societal impacts. Treatments rely on re-purposed antivirals and immune modulatory agents focusing on attenuating the acute respiratory distress syndrome. No curative therapies exist. Vaccines remain the best hope for disease control and the principal global effort to end the pandemic. Herein, we summarize those developments with a focus on the role played by nanocarrier delivery.

SUBMITTER: Machhi J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7794055 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Nanocarrier vaccines for SARS-CoV-2.

Machhi Jatin J Shahjin Farah F Das Srijanee S Patel Milankumar M Abdelmoaty Mai Mohamed MM Cohen Jacob D JD Singh Preet Amol PA Baldi Ashish A Bajwa Neha N Kumar Raj R Vora Lalit K LK Patel Tapan A TA Oleynikov Maxim D MD Soni Dhruvkumar D Yeapuri Pravin P Mukadam Insiya I Chakraborty Rajashree R Saksena Caroline G CG Herskovitz Jonathan J Hasan Mahmudul M Oupicky David D Das Suvarthi S Donnelly Ryan F RF Hettie Kenneth S KS Chang Linda L Gendelman Howard E HE Kevadiya Bhavesh D BD

Advanced drug delivery reviews 20210109

The SARS-CoV-2 global pandemic has seen rapid spread, disease morbidities and death associated with substantive social, economic and societal impacts. Treatments rely on re-purposed antivirals and immune modulatory agents focusing on attenuating the acute respiratory distress syndrome. No curative therapies exist. Vaccines remain the best hope for disease control and the principal global effort to end the pandemic. Herein, we summarize those developments with a focus on the role played by nanoca ...[more]

PMID: 33428995

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Project description:Vaccines to prevent acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection elicit an immune neutralizing response. Some concerns have been raised regarding the safety of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, largely based on case-reports of serious thromboembolic events after vaccination. Some mechanisms have been suggested which might explain the adverse cardiovascular reactions to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Different vaccine platforms are currently available which include live attenuated vaccines, inactivated vaccines, recombinant protein vaccines, vector vaccines, DNA vaccines and RNA vaccines. Vaccines increase the endogenous synthesis of SARS-CoV-2 Spike proteins from a variety of cells. Once synthetized, the Spike proteins assembled in the cytoplasma migrate to the cell surface and protrude with a native-like conformation. These proteins are recognized by the immune system which rapidly develops an immune response. Such response appears to be quite vigorous in the presence of DNA vaccines which encode viral vectors, as well as in subjects who are immunized because of previous exposure to SARS-CoV-2. The resulting pathological features may resemble those of active coronavirus disease. The free-floating Spike proteins synthetized by cells targeted by vaccine and destroyed by the immune response circulate in the blood and systematically interact with angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors expressed by a variety of cells including platelets, thereby promoting ACE2 internalization and degradation. These reactions may ultimately lead to platelet aggregation, thrombosis and inflammation mediated by several mechanisms including platelet ACE2 receptors. Whereas Phase III vaccine trials generally excluded participants with previous immunization, vaccination of huge populations in the real life will inevitably include individuals with preexisting immunity. This might lead to excessively enhanced inflammatory and thrombotic reactions in occasional subjects. Further research is urgently needed in this area.

Dataset Information

Nanocarrier vaccines for SARS-CoV-2.

Publications

Nanocarrier vaccines for SARS-CoV-2.

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